Qhov wikiHow qhia koj yuav ua li cas rau nruab qhov hloov tshiab kawg ntawm Debian Linux ntawm koj lub PC. Debian, zoo li feem ntau lwm qhov kev faib Linux, yog pub dawb thiab qhib qhov haujlwm ua haujlwm rau ob lub desktop thiab server siv, ua rau ntau qhov tseem ceeb xws li Ubuntu kev ua haujlwm. Kev kawm yuav ua li cas rau nruab Debian yog txheej txheem yooj yim uas xav tau kev siv Is Taws Nem nkaus xwb, khoos phis tawj siv duab duab, thiab siv USB dawb paug.
Cov kauj ruam
Ntu 1 ntawm 2: Tsim Kev Txhim Kho Tsav lossis Disc
Kauj Ruam 1. Rov qab cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm koj lub computer
Txawm hais tias koj npaj yuav tshem tawm lwm qhov kev ua haujlwm (xws li Windows) thiab hloov nws nrog Debian lossis koj xav teeb tsa ob qhov khau raj xwm txheej, rov qab cov ntaub ntawv uas twb muaj lawm tsuas yog muaj qee yam tsis raug.
- Cov kauj ruam no yuav ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws yog tias koj siv Windows 10 lossis 8.1 ntawm PC lawm, txawm tias koj npaj yuav ua kom Windows teeb tsa lossis tsis yog.
- Yog tias koj yuav mus-khau raj Debian nrog Windows lossis lwm lub operating system, nco ntsoov tias koj muaj lub operating system ntawd teeb tsa lossis rov qab tshaj tawm xov xwm yog tias koj xav tau rov nruab nws.
Kauj ruam 2. Rov qab cov ntsiab lus ntawm koj lub USB flash drive
Koj tuaj yeem luam daim duab teeb tsa Debian rau USB tsav thiab siv nws los nruab Debian. Txij li tus tsav tsheb yuav tsum tau khau raj, txhua yam ntawm nws tam sim no yuav raug teeb tsa thiab tshem tawm ua ntej koj nruab Debian-nco ntsoov khaws txhua cov ntaub ntawv koj xav khaws.
- Koj lub USB tsav yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg 2 GB yog li muaj chaw txaus rau CD installer.
- Yog tias koj xav tau nruab Debian los ntawm CD-R bootable, koj tuaj yeem ua qhov ntawd. Peb yuav tsom mus rau USB tsav raws li tsis muaj ntau lub PC los nrog kho qhov muag ntxiv lawm.
Kauj Ruam 3. Rub daim duab Debian los ntawm
Debian 10 muaj ntau yam kev teeb tsa xov xwm rau ntau lub platform. Rub tawm daim duab uas koj paub tias koj xav tau, lossis siv cov ntaub ntawv no kom koj pib:
- Debian installers yog ua raws koj cov cuab yeej. Yog li, yog tias koj muaj 64-ntsis PC nrog Intel lossis AMD processor, xaiv amd64 ua hauv qab "CD" header. Yog tias koj muaj 64-ntsis kab ke nrog ARM processor, nyem npab 64 es tsis txhob Yog tias koj muaj 32-ntsis system, nyem ib 386.
- Hauv daim ntawv teev npe ua tiav, nyem rau cov ntawv uas xaus nrog xfce-CD-1.iso txhawm rau rub tawm tag nrho ISO ntawm lub installer. Lossis, yog tias koj muaj internet nrawm (lossis siab dua) internet, koj tuaj yeem xaiv qhov xaus nrog netinst.iso kom tau txais cov ntawv me me uas xav tau kev sib txuas hauv is taws nem thaum teeb tsa.
Kauj Ruam 4. Tsim lub USB bootable uas siv cov ntawv ISO rub tawm
Cov txheej txheem no yooj yim tab sis yuav tsum txhim kho qee qhov software dawb. Saib Yuav Ua Li Cas USB Bootable kom kawm paub siv Rufus (rau Windows) kom nyem qhov rub tawm ISO cov ntaub ntawv mus rau koj lub USB tsav.
- Koj tuaj yeem siv Rufus thiab lwm yam software zoo sib xws los tsim bootable CD-R ib yam.
- Yog tias koj tab tom txhim kho Debian ntawm lub tshuab virtual (zoo li VirtualBox), koj tuaj yeem hla cov kauj ruam no-tom qab tsim koj li Debian lub tshuab virtual, koj tuaj yeem rub lub ISO uas tau rub tawm los ua lub tshuab kho qhov muag virtual thiab khau raj los ntawm nws.
Kauj Ruam 5. Kho koj lub PC kom nws tuaj yeem khau raj los ntawm USB lossis tsav kho qhov muag
Tam sim no koj muaj koj li Debian installer npaj mus, koj yuav tsum paub tseeb tias koj tuaj yeem khau raj los ntawm nws. Qhov no yuav tsum ua tiav hauv koj lub PC BIOS. Txhua BIOS sib txawv, tab sis qhov koj yuav tsum tau ua yog nrhiav ntu ntu "Boot Order" (nws yuav yog cov npe ntawm cov tsav txuas nrog koj lub khoos phis tawj) thiab txav lub USB maub los (lossis kho qhov muag) mus rau saum cov npe. Kev mus rau BIOS sib txawv los ntawm qhov system:
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Yog tias koj siv Windows 10 lossis 8.1, koj feem ntau tuaj yeem nkag mus rau BIOS los ntawm lub desktop:
- Nyem rau Start menu thiab xaiv Chaw.
- Nkag mus rau Hloov tshiab & Kev Ruaj Ntseg > Rov qab.
- Nyem Rov pib dua tam sim no hauv qab "Advanced startup."
- Nyem Teeb meem thaum lub PC rov qab los.
- Mus rau Kev xaiv siab > UEFI Firmware nqis.
- Koj tseem tuaj yeem rov pib kho koj lub PC thiab nrawm (thiab rov ua dua) nias lub BIOS hotkey rau koj lub chaw tsim khoom. Cov hotkey tshwm ntawm thawj lub vijtsam koj pom tom qab rov pib dua ze rau qee yam xws li "Enter Setup." Qee qhov hotkeys yog F2 (Acer, Asus, Lenovo, Dell, Origin PC, Samsung, Sony, Toshiba), F1 (Lenovo desktops thiab ThinkPad qauv, Sony), F10 (HP), thiab Del tseem ceeb (Acer, Asus, MSI)).
Ntu 2 ntawm 2: Txhim Kho Debian
Kauj Ruam 1. Ntxig koj lub bootable USB install drive thiab rov pib dua koj lub PC
Yog tias koj tsim kev teeb tsa CD-R, ntxig qhov ntawd.
Kauj Ruam 2. Xaiv qhov kev xaiv los khau raj ntawm USB lossis CD-ROM tsav thaum hais kom ua
Qhov kev xaiv no tshwm sim thaum koj rov pib kho lub PC. Lub PC yuav pib khau raj rau thawj lub vijtsam teeb tsa.
Kauj Ruam 3. Xaiv Graphical Installer
Siv tus xub xub los ua qhov kev xaiv, thiab tom qab ntawd nyem Enter txhawm rau xaiv nws.
Kauj Ruam 4. Xaiv hom lus thiab cheeb tsam
Thawj peb lub vijtsam yuav nug koj kom xaiv koj hom lus, qhov chaw nyob, thiab thaj chaw keyboard. Thaum koj tau xaiv qhov koj xaiv, tus nruab yuav nug koj kom teeb tsa koj lub network.
Kauj Ruam 5. Nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv thov hauv network
Qhov no yuav zoo sib xws nyob ntawm seb koj tab tom txhim kho Debian (daim duab CD tag lossis dhau lub network).
- Hauv ob qho tib si, koj yuav raug nug kom nkag mus rau lub npe hostname thiab lub npe. Lub npe sau tuaj yeem tsis muaj dab tsi yog tias koj lub network hauv cheeb tsam tsis xav tau nws.
- Yog tias koj tab tom txhim kho hauv is taws nem (qhov no yog rooj plaub yog tias koj rub tawm cov ntawv ISO me dua), koj tseem yuav tau taug kev los ntawm cov lus qhia ntawm kev txuas koj lub PC mus rau Is Taws Nem. Yog tias koj tau txais qhov yuam kev txog koj li Wi-Fi adapter, siv ethernet cable nyob rau lub sijhawm no.
Kauj Ruam 6. Tsim (lossis hla) tus lej nkag hauv paus
Txawm hais tias nws ib zaug xav tau los tsim lub hauv paus (tus thawj tswj hwm) tus lej thiab tus lej zais thaum txhim kho Debian, tam sim no koj tuaj yeem hla cov kauj ruam no. Hla tus hauv paus lo lus zais kauj ruam txhais tau tias sudo yuav cia li teeb tsa rau koj tus neeg siv nyiaj-qhov no yuav muab rau koj kev tswj hwm nkag mus. Nws yog qhov muaj kev nyab xeeb dua kom tsis muaj tus lej nkag hauv paus vim tias koj yuav tsis xav qhia tus lej nkag hauv paus nrog lwm tus thawj coj. Koj tuaj yeem tsuas yog nce lwm tus as khauj uas tseem xav tau kev tswj hwm.
- Txhawm rau hla kev tsim tus lej nkag hauv paus, tawm ntawm "Teeb tsa cov neeg siv thiab tus lej zais" tshuaj ntsuam tsis pom thiab nyem Txuas ntxiv.
- Yog tias koj tsim lub hauv paus tus lej tam sim no, koj yuav tsis muaj sudo nkag tau tam sim ntawd, uas txhais tau tias koj yuav tsum tau siv "su hauv paus" txhua lub sijhawm koj xav ua qee yam kev tswj hwm ntau dua li "sudo." Tab sis yog tias koj xav tsim lub hauv paus lo lus zais, koj tuaj yeem ua li ntawd thiab tom qab nruab sudo pob tom qab.
Kauj Ruam 7. Tsim tus as khauj siv
Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem tsim koj tus as khauj tus kheej, uas yog koj yuav nkag mus rau Debian li cas. Ntawm ob peb lub vijtsam tom ntej:
- Sau koj lub npe tag nrho thiab nyem rau Txuas ntxiv.
- Ntaus lub npe siv (txhua tus tsiaj ntawv me, tab sis koj kuj tuaj yeem siv tus lej yog tias koj xav tau) thiab nyem Txuas ntxiv.
- Nkag mus thiab lees paub tus lej zais ruaj ntseg, thiab tom qab ntawd nyem Txuas ntxiv. Tsuav koj hla hla tus lej hauv paus, tus lej tshiab no yuav muab rau sudo txoj cai.
Kauj Ruam 8. Xaiv koj lub sijhawm thiab nyem Txuas ntxiv
Qhov no ua kom ntseeg tau tias koj lub moos teeb tsa tau raug.
Kauj ruam 9. Xaiv qhov muab faib xaiv
Qhov kev xaiv koj xaiv rau kev faib tawm yog nyob ntawm koj xav tau:
- Yog tias koj tsuas xav teeb tsa Debian ntawm qhov chaw tsis siv tsav tam sim no, xaiv Qhia - siv qhov loj tshaj plaws txuas ntxiv qhov chaw pub dawb.
- Yog tias koj xav tau tsuas yog xav siv Debian ntawm tus tsav no thiab tsis muaj dab tsi ntxiv, xaiv Qhia - siv tag nrho cov disk.
- Xaiv Phau ntawv yog tias koj xav khaws lwm qhov kev faib tawm hauv computer, xws li koj lub Windows installation.
Kauj Ruam 10. Ua raws li cov lus qhia ntawm lub vijtsam txhawm rau faib koj tus tsav
Cov txheej txheem no txawv nyob ntawm seb koj tab tom txhim kho Debian li cas. Yog tias koj xaiv ib qho ntawm Coj kev xaiv, cia cov lus qhia ntawm lub vijtsam taug kev koj los ntawm cov txheej txheem. Thaum muab qhov kev xaiv los xaiv cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus, xaiv Ext4 journaling file system. Thaum muab faib ua tiav, Debian yuav pib txhim kho.
Kauj Ruam 11. Xaiv "Tsis" thaum nug kom luam lwm CD/DVD thiab nyem Txuas ntxiv
Qhov no tshwm sim tom qab Debian twb tau teeb tsa ib nrab lawm.
Kauj Ruam 12. Xaiv lub iav tsom iav thiab xaiv Txuas Ntxiv
Thaum nug yog tias koj xav siv daim iav network kom ua tiav kev teeb tsa, koj tuaj yeem xaiv ua li ntawd.
- Xaiv Tsis yog txhawm rau txuas ntxiv kev teeb tsa los ntawm cov duab rub tawm.
- Xaiv Yog lawm yog tias koj xav ua kom tiav kev teeb tsa hauv is taws nem, thiab tom qab ntawd ua raws cov lus qhia ntawm lub vijtsam txhawm rau teeb tsa koj li kev nyiam network.
Kauj Ruam 13. Xaiv software los nruab thiab nyem Txuas ntxiv
Nco ntsoov xaiv tsawg kawg ib zaug ib puag ncig lub desktop, xws li GNOME lossis KDE, ntxiv rau qhov kev xaiv rau "tus qauv siv hluav taws xob." Yog tias koj xav kom tuaj yeem txuas rau koj li Debian system nyob deb ntawm SSH, xaiv "SSH server" xaiv.
- Ib qho software koj nruab tuaj yeem hloov kho tshiab txhua lub sijhawm tom qab.
- Thaum koj nyem Txuas ntxiv, Debian yuav pib qhov ntau ntawm cov txheej txheem teeb tsa.
Kauj Ruam 14. Nyem Mus Ntxiv thaum qhov kev teeb tsa tiav
Nws tuaj yeem siv sijhawm ob peb feeb rau qhov no tshwm sim, nyob ntawm qhov nrawm ntawm koj lub khoos phis tawj (thiab kev sib txuas hauv network, yog tias koj teeb tsa hauv internet). Qhov no yuav rov pib kho lub computer tam sim ntawd rau hauv GRUB bootloader.
Kauj Ruam 15. Xaiv Debian GNU/Linux rau khau raj rau hauv Debian
Nws yuav tsum yog thawj qhov kev xaiv. GRUB bootloader tau teeb tsa nrog Debian thiab yuav los txhua lub sijhawm lub khoos phis tawj tau rov pib dua. Thaum koj xaiv qhov kev xaiv no, koj yuav raug coj mus rau Debian tus ID nkag mus. Nrog koj zoo siab, koj tau teeb tsa Debian!
- Yog tias koj muaj Windows teeb tsa thiab xav kom khau raj rau hauv nws, xaiv Windows Boot Manager.
- Txhawm rau nkag mus rau koj li BIOS system los ntawm Grub, xaiv lub Teeb tsa kev xaiv
Lub tswv yim
- Yog tias qee qhov laj thawj koj tsis tuaj yeem rub tawm thiab teeb tsa cov duab teeb tsa koj tus kheej, koj tuaj yeem yuav Debian teeb tsa disc los ntawm Debian lub vev xaib.
- Debian tuaj yeem siv sijhawm me ntsis los teeb tsa yog li nws zoo tshaj plaws kom muaj qee yam ua thaum koj tos.
