Yuav Ua Li Cas Nruab Gentoo Linux los ntawm Ubuntu (nrog Duab)

2024 Tus sau: Gilbert Ryder | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 17:32

Gentoo yog kev faib khoom ntawm Linux uas muaj npe nrov rau nws kev tsim kho tau yooj yim, tsis yooj yim, kev tswj hwm pob, thiab koom nrog dav nrog geeky-ness. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, kev faib Gentoo tsis yog rau txhua tus; npaj los siv koj lub hlwb raws li koj yuav tsum tau ua qee qhov kev nyeem ntawv kom ua rau koj lub cev ua haujlwm tau zoo. Hauv Gentoo, txhua pob tau suav ua ke los ntawm qhov chaw, siv lawv cov cuab yeej tswj hwm pob khoom, portage, yog li koj, tus neeg siv, txiav txim siab yam khoom thiab pob khoom tau teeb tsa hauv koj lub system. Kev suav sau/teeb tsa ntawm kev tsim loj (kde/gnome/libreoffice) tuaj yeem siv nyob qhov twg ntawm 30 vib nas this mus rau ob peb hnub (txhua) nyob ntawm qhov kho vajtse siv, thaum tsim kho me me tau teeb tsa hauv ob peb feeb. Phau ntawv qhia no yuav tso cai rau koj los teeb tsa Gentoo, thaum tseem tseem tawm hauv koj lub khoos phis tawj dawb kiag li rau niaj hnub siv. Nws tau sau qhia meej kom ua haujlwm los ntawm Ubuntu, txawm hais tias tsis muaj laj thawj vim li cas qhov no yuav tsis ua haujlwm los ntawm lwm qhov Linux faib.

Cov kauj ruam

Kauj Ruam 1. Ua kom ntseeg tau tias koj muaj cai siv superuser ntawm koj lub npov Ubuntu; thiab kev sib txuas hauv Is Taws Nem - nyiam dua qhov nrawm dua

Kev paub nruab nrab ntawm Ubuntu thiab Linux feem ntau kuj yog qhov zoo dua.

Kauj ruam 2. Koj yuav tsum nruab chroot ntawm Ubuntu

Koj tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov no los ntawm Synaptic los ntawm kev txhim kho pob dchroot thiab debootstrap; los yog kab hais kom ua los ntawm kev ntaus ntawv

sudo apt-tau nruab dchroot debootstrap

. Txoj haujlwm no tso cai rau Linux ua piv txwv ib ntus tias nws cov npe hauv paus yog ib qho txawv ntawm ib txwm.

Kauj Ruam 3. Tog twg los rov faib cov ntu uas twb muaj lawm, lossis tsim qhov muab faib tshiab los ntawm qhov chaw Hard Disk dawb

Ceev faj! Koj tsis xav kom poob cov ntaub ntawv.

Cov vev xaib feem ntau pom zoo tias, qhov tseem ceeb, kev faib ntau dua, qhov zoo dua. Yam tsawg kawg, koj yuav xav tau lub hauv paus muab faib (/); tab sis cov neeg feem coob muaj kev sib cais sib pauv, faib hauv tsev (/tsev). Qee tus kuj pom zoo cais cais rau /khau raj thiab /var

Kauj Ruam 4. Hom ntawv faib tshiab (s) siv Cov Ntaub Ntawv Txheej Txheem uas koj xaiv (rau /tsev, /, /khau raj thiab /var nws yog qhov nyiam siv ext2, ext3 lossis reiser2)

Kev sib pauv yuav tsum tau ua raws li kev sib pauv sib faib.

Kauj Ruam 5. Tsim daim nplaub tshev tshiab,

/mnt/neeg

thiab ib qho rau txhua qhov sib cais uas koj tau tsim.

Kauj Ruam 6. Mount koj qhov muab faib tshiab ntawm no:

• sudo mount /dev /sda5 /mnt /gentoo

• sudo mount/dev/sda6/mnt/gentoo/tsev

• qhov twg ntawm no, sda5 thiab 6 yog cov faib uas muaj koj cov hauv paus hauv ntej thiab cov npe hauv tsev feem.

Kauj Ruam 7. Txheeb xyuas tias koj lub hnub raug lawm (hom hnub tim)

Koj tuaj yeem hloov nws nrog cov syntax

hnub MMDDhhmmYYYY

Kauj Ruam 8. Qhib lub web browsing program uas koj xaiv, thiab mus rau ntawm no

Nrhiav koj daim iav hauv zos, thiab rub tawm theem 3 tarball los ntawm

tso tawm/x86/2008.0/theem/

(hloov x86 nrog cov vaj tsev uas koj xaiv - phau ntawv qhia no tsuas yog sim rau AMD64 thiab x86). Rub tawm cov ntawv sib thooj md5.

Kauj Ruam 9. Txav nws mus rau Gentoo nplaub tshev

mv theem 3*.bz2* /mnt /gentoo

.

Kauj ruam 10. Tsiv koj tus kheej mus rau (

cd /mnt /gentoo

) thiab txheeb xyuas lub tarball los ntawm md5:

md5sum -c theem 3*.md5

. Qhov no ua kom ntseeg tau tias tarball rub tawm kom raug yam tsis raug kev puas tsuaj. Yog tias nws tsis tshaj tawm zoo, ces koj yuav tsum rov rub nws dua.

Kauj Ruam 11. Tshem cov tarball

sudo tar xvjpf theem 3*.bz2

. Tos kom nws ua tiav.

Kauj Ruam 12. Tam sim no koj muaj ob peb qhov program pib ntawm Gentoo muab faib; tom ntej, koj yuav tsum teeb tsa Portage:

Gentoo cov txheej txheem tswj hwm pob uas tso cai rau koj kom ua tiav kev tswj hwm yam uas nyob hauv koj lub cev.

• Rov qab mus rau daim iav uas koj tau yav tas los rub tawm theem 3 tarball los ntawm. Mus rau qhov

  snapshots/ cov

• directory, thiab rub tawm cov ntaub ntawv Portage kawg. Tsiv nws mus /mnt /gentoo, thiab siv cov lus txib:

• tar xvjf /mnt/gentoo/portage-.tar.bz2 -C/mnt/gentoo/usr

• Cov lus qhia luv luv rau Portage: Portage yog cov txheej txheem tswj hwm pob uas tso cai rau kev teeb tsa yooj yim ntawm ntau pob software. Nws ua haujlwm los ntawm rub tawm cov npe ntawm cov no thiab lawv cov kev sib raug zoo los ntawm rsync server. Qhov no yuav taw tes rau cov ntaub ntawv cuam tshuam uas tuaj yeem rub tawm los ntawm tus lej loj ntawm lwm cov servers. Thaum cov ntaub ntawv no rub tawm, cov software yuav suav sau los ntawm koj lub computer - ua kom zoo rau koj lub tshuab.

Kauj Ruam 13. Nyob rau theem no, koj yuav xav teeb tsa tus chij suav sau

Koj ua qhov no los ntawm kev kho /mnt/gentoo/etc/portage/make.conf siv koj li ntawv kho kom raug. Ib daim ntawv qhia tag nrho ntawm ntau yam kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem pom los ntawm kev nyeem /mnt/gentoo/usr/share/portage/config/make.conf.example. Txuag koj qhov kev hloov pauv rau cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa, thiab tawm ntawm cov ntawv sau.

Kauj Ruam 14. Xav kom ua kom zoo dua koj rub tawm?

Kho kom raug.conf dua thiab xyuas kom meej tias SYNC qhov sib txawv tau teeb tsa rau koj li rsync neeg rau zaub mov feem ntau. Ntxiv ntau daim iav uas koj nyiam rau GENTOO_MIRRORS sib txawv - txawm hais tias muab qhov koj nyiam tshaj ua ntej. Koj tuaj yeem pom cov npe ntawm cov tsom iav muaj nyob ntawm no.

Kauj Ruam 15. Ua ntej koj yuav raus koj tus kheej hauv koj cov kab ke tshiab, koj yuav tsum paub tseeb tias koj muaj qee qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb theej los ntawm Ubuntu zoo li nws yog

• Ua ntej, dns teeb tsa:

  sudo cp -L /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/gentoo/etc/resolv.conf

• Thiab koj qhov system proc:

  sudo mount -t proc tsis muaj/mnt/gentoo/proc

• .

• Thiab mount-bind the /dev filesystem:

  sudo mount -o khi /dev /mnt /gentoo /dev

• .

Kauj Ruam 16. Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem chroot

Qhov no yooj yim txaus tiag tiag - thiab tuaj yeem tawm mus txhua lub sijhawm los ntawm kev ntaus yooj yim … yuam kev … tawm. Nov yog peb txheej txheem txheej txheem:

• Ua ntej, koj hloov lub hauv paus npe rau /mnt /gentoo:

  sudo chroot /mnt /gentoo /bin /bash

• .

• Tom qab ntawd, koj hloov kho ib puag ncig txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias lub davhlau ya nyob twg paub qhov twg nws yuav tsum yog:

  /usr/sbin/env-hloov tshiab

• Thaum kawg, ua qhov no rau (ib ntus) nco:

  qhov chaw /etc /profile

• Yog tias koj xav ceeb toom koj tus kheej tias koj nyob hauv chroot, koj tuaj yeem siv cov lus txib tsis huv no:

  xa PS1 = "(chroot) $ PS1"

Kauj Ruam 17. Nrog koj zoo siab

Koj nyob hauv Gentoo thiab txog … ib feem peb ntawm txoj kev nyob ntawd. Chin nce!

Kauj Ruam 18. Tom ntej no, koj yuav tsum suav sau qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm ib qho kev ua haujlwm:

nws kernel. Kernel yog ib feem ntawm OS uas txiav txim siab qhov twg ntawm cov software tau tso cai nkag mus rau ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv kho vajtse ntawm ib lub sijhawm twg. Yog tsis muaj cov ntsiav, tsis muaj kev ua haujlwm, vim nws tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm.

Kauj Ruam 19. Nco ntsoov txhim kho portage ua ntej?

Tam sim no koj yuav rub tawm cov npe pob uas koj tuaj yeem nruab los ntawm rsync server uas koj tau teev tseg. Hom

tawm --sync

Kauj Ruam 20. Rau lub hom phiaj kom meej, nyob rau theem no kuv yuav xav tias koj xav teeb tsa qhov tseeb ntsiav (2.6) ntau dua li 2.4

Kauj Ruam 21. Tam sim no peb yuav tsum teeb tsa peb daim chij USE

Cov chij no qhia rau tus saib xyuas cov ntawv xaiv dab tsi ntxiv, nrog rau qhov ua kom zoo tshaj plaws los siv. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom teeb tsa tus chij raug cai rau koj lub kaw lus, txwv tsis pub koj yuav xaus nrog qee qhov kev xav tsis tau. Nws kuj tseem zoo ntxiv cov chij uas qhia dab tsi uas tsis ntxiv kev txhawb nqa rau.

Kauj Ruam 22. Txhua tus chij koj xav ntxiv tsuas yog lo lus xwb

Txhua qhov kev xaiv uas koj xav tshem tawm yog lo lus nrog tus cim (-) nyob rau ntawm nws xub ntiag. Piv txwv li, yog tias peb xav sau txhua yam nrog kev txhawb nqa ogg, peb yuav ntxiv ogg. Tab sis yog tias peb xav tau tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa ogg, peb yuav ntxiv -ogg.

Kauj Ruam 23. Txhawm rau xaiv koj tus chij USE, txheeb xyuas Gentoo USE Flags cov ntaub ntawv kom pom cov chij uas koj xav kom suav nrog

Kauj Ruam 24. Thaum koj tau xaiv cov chij twg los siv, mus rau /etc/make.conf thiab muab cov chij uas koj xav tau

Kauj Ruam 25. Tam sim no teeb tsa koj lub sijhawm nyob ze

Gentoo muaj txhua lub sijhawm nyob ntawm/usr/share/zoneinfo. Nkag mus rau cov npe thiab muab cov lus txib ls los saib cov sijhawm muaj. Tom qab ntawd luam lub sijhawm mus rau /etc /localtime nrog cov lus txib zoo li (

# cp/usr/qhia tawm/zoneinfo/GMT/etc/localtime

).

Kauj Ruam 26. Tam sim no peb tau teeb tsa peb lub sijhawm teem sijhawm, nws yog lub sijhawm los rub tawm peb cov kernel qhov chaw thiab teeb tsa lub ntsiav

Kauj ruam 27. Khiav (

# tawm gentoo-qhov chaw

) txhawm rau rub koj cov peev txheej.

Kauj Ruam 28. Cov kauj ruam tom ntej no tuaj yeem nyuaj rau thawj lub sijhawm

Ntawm no peb teeb tsa lub ntsiav kom nws muaj kev txhawb nqa yam peb xav tau. Koj yuav tsum paub tseeb tias koj teeb tsa koj lub ntsiav kom raug, txwv tsis pub koj yuav tsis muaj lub luag haujlwm uas koj xav tau.

Kauj Ruam 29. Khiav

• cd/usr/src/linux

• ua menuconfig

Kauj Ruam 30. Qhov no yuav coj los rau hauv cov ntawv qhia zaub mov teeb tsa

Nco ntsoov xaiv txhua tus tsav tsheb koj yuav xav tau khau raj koj lub cev, xws li SCSI cov tsav tsheb (yog tias xav tau), thiab paub tseeb tias lawv tau teeb tsa los ua rau hauv cov ntsiav. Yog tias lawv tsis yog, koj yuav tsis tuaj yeem khau raj. Tsis tas li, nco ntsoov koj pab txhawb rau koj cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus.

Kauj Ruam 31. Xaiv ib lub network tsav tsheb uas koj xav tau, xws li ethernet tsav tsheb lossis tsav tsheb wireless (lossis ob qho tib si)

Kauj Ruam 32. Xaiv koj hom processor thiab tsev neeg

Kauj Ruam 33. Thaum koj ua tiav, ntaus (

ua && ua modules_install

) txhawm rau pib suav cov kernel thiab kernel modules.

Qhov no yuav siv qee lub sijhawm, yog li mus nyeem phau ntawv, saib TV, taug kev tus dev, lossis lwm yam uas koj nyiam ua. 34

ua -j2 && ua modules_install

35

Tam sim no peb yuav tsum luam koj cov duab kernel rau /khau raj.

Hloov kernel-2.6.24 rau txhua yam uas koj xav kom koj lub npe hu ua. (

cp koov/i386/khau raj/bzImage /boot/kernel-2.6.24

)

Tam sim no cia peb teeb tsa koj cov ntsiav modules. Khiav (

nrhiav/lib/modules/(kernel version)/-type f -iname '*.o' -or -iname '*.ko'

) txhawm rau nrhiav txhua qhov muaj nyob hauv cov qauv. Ntawm cov ntawd, ntxiv qhov koj xav kom nws pib thauj mus rau /etc/modules.autoload.d/kernel-2.6. Do tsis suav nrog.ko lossis.o lossis txoj hauv kev. Tsuas yog hais yooj yim, piv txwv li, snd-hda-intel.

Lub tswv yim

• hauv paus-pawg = hauv paus,, portage
• pawg =, portage
• qhov tseem ceeb = 3
• Xa mus rau Gentoo Forums, lub vev xaib
• cov npe =/mnt/gentoo
• Theem 3 tarball tsis muaj cov "portage" cov neeg siv thiab pab pawg, rau qee qhov laj thawj, uas yuav ua rau tshwm sim tsis ua los ntawm sab hauv chroot. Yog tias koj siv schroot koj yuav tsum tsim cov neeg siv khoom thiab pab pawg ntawm koj tus tswv tsev (ubuntu maverick hauv kuv kis); passwd thiab pab pawg cov ntaub ntawv hauv/mnt/gentoo/etc yuav raug sau dua yog tias koj hloov kho lawv ncaj qha. Tom qab ntxiv cov neeg siv portage & pab pawg mus rau tus tswv tsev chrooting hauv txoj kev ib txwm yuav tsum ua haujlwm nrog kev nkag mus rau network. Kuv siv schroot nrog cov teeb tsa hauv qab no:
• hauv paus-cov neeg siv =
• aliases = neeg
• yam = directory
• kev piav qhia = gentoo

Lus ceeb toom

• Qhov no yuav siv sijhawm ntev tab sis feem ntau tsim nyog nws.
• Tsis txhob sim teeb tsa tus qauv ntoo khaub lig (piv txwv li gentoo 64 khoom ntawm ubuntu 32 khoom), vim chroot yuav tsis ua haujlwm zoo (yog tias ib tus neeg tuaj yeem piav qhia qhov no zoo dua?)