Koj puas xav pib kawm paub yuav ua haujlwm li cas? Kev nkag mus rau lub khoos phis tawj program tuaj yeem ua rau txaus ntshai, thiab koj yuav xav tias koj yuav tsum kawm chav kawm thiaj li yuav kawm tau. Thaum qhov ntawd yuav muaj tseeb rau qee yam lus, muaj ntau hom lus programming uas yuav siv sijhawm ib hnub lossis ob hnub los nkag siab cov hauv paus. Python yog ib yam ntawm cov lus. Koj tuaj yeem muaj qhov program Python pib thiab ua haujlwm hauv ob peb feeb xwb. Saib Kauj Ruam 1 hauv qab no kom kawm paub yuav ua li cas.
Cov kauj ruam
Ntu 1 ntawm 5: Txhim Kho Python
Qhov rai
Kauj Ruam 1. Mus ntsib Python lub vev xaib
Koj tuaj yeem rub tawm txhua yam koj xav tau kom pib nrog Python los ntawm Python lub vev xaib (python.org/downloads. Lub vev xaib yuav tsum txiav kom pom tau tias koj siv Windows thiab nthuav qhia cov txuas rau Windows installer.
Kauj Ruam 2. Xaiv qhov version uas koj xav kom nruab
Tam sim no muaj ob txoj kev Python muaj: 3.x.x thiab 2.7.10. Python ua rau ob qho tib si muaj los rub tawm, tab sis cov neeg siv tshiab yuav tsum xaiv 3.x.x version. Rub tawm 2.7.10 yog tias koj yuav tau ua haujlwm nrog txoj cai Python txoj cai lossis nrog cov haujlwm thiab cov tsev qiv ntawv uas tseem tsis tau saws 3.x.x.
Phau ntawv qhia no yuav xav tias koj tab tom txhim kho 3.x.x
Kauj Ruam 3. Khiav lub installer tom qab rub tawm nws
Nyem rau lub pob rau qhov koj xav tau yuav rub tawm lub installer rau nws. Khiav lub installer no tom qab nws tau ua tiav rub tawm.
Kauj Ruam 4. Kos rau lub thawv "Ntxiv Python 3.5 rau PATH"
Qhov no yuav tso cai rau koj los khiav Python ncaj qha los ntawm Command Prompt.
Kauj Ruam 5. Nyem "Nruab Tam Sim No"
Qhov no yuav teeb tsa Python nrog txhua qhov ntawm nws qhov chaw teeb tsa, uas yuav tsum zoo rau cov neeg siv feem ntau.
Yog tias koj xav xiam qee yam kev ua haujlwm, hloov cov npe teeb tsa, lossis teeb tsa lub debugger, nyem "Customize installation" hloov dua siab tshiab thiab tom qab ntawd kos lossis rho tawm lub thawv
Mac
Kauj Ruam 1. Txiav txim siab yog tias koj xav teeb tsa Python 3.x.x
Txhua lub khoos phis tawj ntawm OS X tuaj nrog Python 2.7 twb tau teeb tsa. Yog tias koj tsis xav tau qhov tshiab ntawm Python, koj tsis tas yuav teeb tsa dab tsi. Yog tias koj xav tau nkag mus rau qhov tshiab tshaj ntawm Python, koj yuav xav nruab 3.x.x.
Yog tias koj tsuas yog xav siv cov ntawv suav nrog Python, koj tuaj yeem tsim cov ntawv sau hauv cov ntawv sau thiab ua kom lawv hla lub davhlau ya nyob twg
Kauj Ruam 2. Rub tawm Python 3.x.x cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm Python lub vev xaib
Mus ntsib (python.org/downloads ntawm koj Mac. Nws yuav tsum txheeb xyuas koj lub operating system thiab qhia Mac cov ntaub ntawv teeb tsa. Yog tias nws tsis yog, nyem qhov txuas "Mac OS X".
Kauj Ruam 3. Nyem ob npaug rau rub tawm PKG cov ntaub ntawv los pib txhim kho Python
Ua raws li cov lus qhia kom nruab Python. Cov neeg siv feem ntau tsuas tuaj yeem siv lub chaw teeb tsa ua ntej.
Kauj Ruam 4. Tua Python hauv lub davhlau ya nyob twg
Txhawm rau txheeb xyuas tias kev teeb tsa mus tau zoo, tso lub davhlau ya nyob twg thiab ntaus python3. Qhov no yuav tsum pib Python 3.x.x interface, thiab tso saib cov version.
Linux
Kauj Ruam 1. Txheeb xyuas qhov version ntawm Python koj twb tau teeb tsa
Yuav luag txhua qhov kev faib khoom ntawm Linux los nrog Python teeb tsa. Koj tuaj yeem pom dab tsi version koj muaj los ntawm qhib Terminal thiab ntaus nab hab sej.
Kauj Ruam 2. Nruab qhov hloov tshiab tshaj plaws hauv Ubuntu
Qhib Terminal qhov rai thiab ntaus sudo apt-tau nruab sej.
Koj tseem tuaj yeem nruab Python siv Ubuntu's Add/Remove Applications app nyob hauv Cov Ntawv Thov Qhov rai
Kauj Ruam 3. Nruab qhov tshiab tshaj plaws hauv Red Hat thiab Fedora
Qhib Terminal qhov rai thiab ntaus sudo yum nruab sej.
Kauj Ruam 4. Nruab qhov tshiab tshaj plaws hauv Arch Linux
Nkag mus rau hauv raws li tus neeg siv hauv paus. Ntaus pacman -S nab hab sej.
Kauj Ruam 5. Rub tawm IDLE ib puag ncig
Yog tias koj xav siv Python kev txhim kho ib puag ncig, koj tuaj yeem tau txais nws los ntawm kev siv koj li kev faib khoom tus tswj software. Tsuas yog tshawb "python idle" txhawm rau nrhiav thiab teeb tsa pob.
Lwm Yam Tseem Ceeb
Kauj Ruam 1. Nruab ib phau ntawv nyeem
Thaum koj tuaj yeem tsim cov phiaj xwm Python hauv Notepad lossis TextEdit, koj yuav pom nws yooj yim dua nyeem thiab sau cov cai siv cov ntawv tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb. Muaj ntau yam kev hloov kho dawb los xaiv xws li Sublime Text (Txhua lub kaw lus), Notepad ++ (Windows), TextWrangler (Mac), lossis JEdit (Txhua lub kaw lus).
Kauj Ruam 2. Kuaj koj qhov kev teeb tsa
Qhib Command Prompt (Windows) ntawm koj lub Terminal (Mac/Linux) thiab ntaus nab hab sej. Python yuav thauj khoom thiab tus lej version yuav tshwm. Koj yuav raug coj mus rau tus neeg txhais lus Python hais kom ua, raws li >>>.
Ntaus cov ntawv ("Nyob Zoo, Ntiaj Teb!") Thiab nias ↵ Enter. Koj yuav tsum pom cov ntawv Nyob zoo, Ntiaj Teb! tso tawm hauv qab kab lus Python
Ntu 2 ntawm 5: Kawm Lub Tswv Yim Yooj Yim
Kauj Ruam 1. Nkag siab tias Python tsis xav tau los ua ke
Python yog hom lus txhais lus, uas txhais tau tias koj tuaj yeem khiav qhov program sai li sai tau thaum koj hloov pauv cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov no ua rau rov ua dua, rov kho dua, thiab daws teeb meem cov haujlwm sai dua li ntau yam lus.
Nab hab sej yog ib qho ntawm cov lus yooj yim kawm, thiab koj tuaj yeem muaj qhov program pib thiab khiav hauv ob peb feeb xwb
Kauj Ruam 2. Sib tham hauv tus neeg txhais lus
Koj tuaj yeem siv tus neeg txhais lus los ntsuas tus lej yam tsis tas yuav ntxiv nws rau koj qhov haujlwm ua ntej. Qhov no yog qhov zoo rau kev kawm paub cov lus txib tshwj xeeb ua haujlwm li cas, lossis sau cov phiaj xwm pov tseg.
Kauj Ruam 3. Kawm seb Python ua haujlwm li cas cov khoom thiab qhov txawv
Python yog hom lus-hais lus, txhais tau tias txhua yam hauv qhov kev zov me nyuam raug kho raws li cov khoom. Tsis tas li, koj yuav tsis tas yuav tshaj tawm cov kev hloov pauv thaum pib ntawm koj txoj haujlwm (koj tuaj yeem ua nws txhua lub sijhawm), thiab koj tsis tas yuav hais qhia hom kev sib txawv (cov lej, cov hlua, thiab lwm yam).
Ntu 3 ntawm 5: Siv Tus Neeg Txhais Lus Python los ua Lub Luag Haujlwm
Ua qee qhov kev suav ua haujlwm yooj yim yuav pab kom koj paub nrog Python syntax thiab txoj hauv kev tus lej thiab cov hlua raug daws.
Kauj Ruam 1. Pib tus neeg txhais lus
Qhib koj Command Prompt lossis Terminal. Ntaus nab hab sej ntawm qhov hais kom sai thiab nias ↵ Enter. Qhov no yuav thauj tus neeg txhais lus Python thiab koj yuav raug coj mus rau Python hais kom sai (>>>).
Yog tias koj tsis suav nrog Python rau hauv koj qhov kev hais kom ua sai sai, koj yuav tsum tau mus rau ntawm Python phau ntawv teev npe kom thiaj li khiav tus neeg txhais lus
Kauj Ruam 2. Ua cov lej yooj yim
Koj tuaj yeem siv Python los ua cov lej yooj yim nrog yooj yim. Saib lub npov hauv qab no rau qee qhov piv txwv ntawm kev siv lub laij lej ua haujlwm li cas. Nco tseg: # xaiv cov lus hauv Python code, thiab lawv tsis dhau los ntawm tus neeg txhais lus.
>> 3 + 7 10 >>> 100 - 10*3 70 >>> (100 - 10*3) / 2 # Division yuav ib txwm xa rov qab cov ntab ntab (zauv) tus lej 35.0 >>> (100 - 10*3)) // 2 # Kev faib hauv pem teb (ob qhov sib tsoo) yuav pov tseg cov lej zauv 35 >>> 23 % 4 # Qhov no suav qhov seem ntawm kev faib 3 >>> 17.53 * 2.67 / 4.1 11.41587804878049
Kauj Ruam 3. Suav lub hwj chim
Koj tuaj yeem siv tus neeg teb xov tooj ** los qhia lub zog. Nab hab sej tuaj yeem suav cov lej loj. Saib lub npov hauv qab no rau cov piv txwv.
>> 7 ** 2 # 7 sib npaug 49 >>> 5 ** 7 # 5 rau lub zog ntawm 7 78125
Kauj Ruam 4. Tsim thiab tswj cov kev hloov pauv
Koj tuaj yeem muab cov kev hloov pauv hauv Python los ua lej algebra yooj yim. Nov yog cov lus qhia zoo txog yuav hloov pauv li cas hauv Python cov haujlwm. Kev hloov pauv tau muab los ntawm kev siv = kos npe. Saib lub npov hauv qab no rau cov piv txwv.
>> a = 5 >>> b = 4 >>> a * b 20 >>> 20 * a // b 25 >>> b ** 2 16 >>> dav = 10 # Variables tuaj yeem yog ib txoj hlua> >> qhov siab = 5 >>> dav * siab 50
Kauj Ruam 5. Kaw tus neeg txhais lus
Thaum koj ua tiav siv tus txhais lus, koj tuaj yeem kaw nws thiab rov qab mus rau koj cov lus txib tam sim ntawd los ntawm nias Ctrl+Z (Windows) lossis Ctrl+D (Linux/Mac) thiab tom qab ntawd nias ↵ Enter. Koj tseem tuaj yeem ntaus tawm () thiab nias ↵ Enter.
Ntu 4 ntawm 5: Tsim Koj Thawj Txoj Haujlwm
Kauj Ruam 1. Qhib koj cov ntawv sau
Koj tuaj yeem tsim qhov kev xeem uas yuav ua rau koj paub txog cov hauv paus ntawm kev tsim thiab txuag cov haujlwm thiab tom qab ntawd ua haujlwm dhau los ntawm tus neeg txhais lus. Qhov no tseem yuav pab koj kuaj xyuas tias koj tus neeg txhais lus tau teeb tsa raug.
Kauj Ruam 2. Tsim kab lus "luam tawm"
"Luam tawm" yog ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm Python, thiab tau siv los tso saib cov ntaub ntawv hauv lub davhlau ya nyob twg thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Nco tseg: "luam tawm" yog ib qho kev hloov pauv loj tshaj plaws los ntawm Python 2 txog Python 3. Hauv Python 2, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum tau ntaus "print" ua raws li qhov koj xav pom. Hauv Python 3, "luam ntawv" tau dhau los ua haujlwm, yog li koj yuav tsum tau ntaus "print ()", nrog qhov koj xav tau tso tawm sab hauv.
Kauj Ruam 3. Ntxiv koj nqe lus
Ib qho ntawm txoj hauv kev feem ntau los ntsuas cov lus programming yog kom pom cov ntawv "Nyob Zoo, Ntiaj Teb!" Muab cov ntawv no tso rau hauv kab lus "luam tawm ()", suav nrog cov lus hais:
print ("Nyob zoo, Ntiaj Teb!")
Tsis zoo li ntau lwm yam lus, koj tsis tas yuav xaiv qhov kawg ntawm kab nrog a;. Koj kuj tseem yuav tsis tas siv cov kab zauv ({}) los xaiv cov thaiv. Hloov chaw, kev nkag mus yuav qhia tau tias muaj dab tsi nyob hauv qhov thaiv
Kauj Ruam 4. Txuag cov ntawv
Nyem Cov ntawv qhia zaub mov hauv koj cov ntawv sau thiab xaiv Txuag Raws. Hauv cov ntawv qhia zaub mov nco hauv qab lub npov lub npe, xaiv hom Python cov ntaub ntawv. Yog tias koj siv Notepad (tsis pom zoo), xaiv "Txhua Cov Ntaub Ntawv" thiab tom qab ntawd ntxiv ".py" mus rau qhov kawg ntawm cov npe ntawv.
- Nco ntsoov khaws cov ntaub ntawv mus rau qhov chaw yooj yim nkag tau, raws li koj yuav tsum tau mus rau nws hauv qhov hais kom ua sai.
- Txog qhov piv txwv no, khaws cov ntawv ua "hello.py".
Kauj Ruam 5. Khiav qhov program
Qhib koj Command Prompt lossis Terminal thiab mus rau qhov chaw uas koj tau khaws koj cov ntaub ntawv. Thaum koj nyob ntawd, khiav cov ntawv los ntawm kev sau hello.py thiab nias ↵ Enter. Koj yuav tsum pom cov ntawv Nyob zoo, Ntiaj Teb! pom hauv qab qhov hais kom ua.
Nyob ntawm seb koj teeb tsa Python li cas thiab nws yog dab tsi, koj yuav xav tau ntaus nab hab sej hello.py lossis python3 hello.py los ua haujlwm
Kauj Ruam 6. Kuaj ntau zaus
Ib qho zoo ntawm Python yog tias koj tuaj yeem sim tawm koj cov haujlwm tshiab tam sim ntawd. Ib qho kev coj ua zoo yog kom muaj koj cov lus txib qhib rau tib lub sijhawm uas koj muaj koj tus kws kho qhib. Thaum koj khaws koj qhov kev hloov pauv hauv koj tus kws kho mob, koj tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tam sim ntawd los ntawm kab hais kom ua, tso cai rau koj los ntsuas qhov hloov pauv sai.
Ntu 5 ntawm 5: Txhim Kho Cov Txheej Txheem Zoo
Kauj Ruam 1. Kev sim nrog cov lus qhia tswj kev khiav dej num yooj yim
Cov ntaub ntawv tswj kev tso dej tso cai rau koj los tswj qhov kev zov me nyuam ua raws qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb. Cov lus hais no yog lub hauv paus ntawm Python programming, thiab tso cai rau koj los tsim cov haujlwm uas ua haujlwm sib txawv raws li kev nkag siab thiab cov xwm txheej. Cov nqe lus thaum lub sijhawm yog qhov zoo los pib nrog. Hauv qhov piv txwv no, koj tuaj yeem siv daim ntawv teev sijhawm los xam Fibonacci ib qib zuj zus txog 100:
# Txhua tus lej hauv Fibonacci sib lawv liag yog # cov lej ntawm ob tus lej dhau los a, b = 0, 1 thaum b <100: luam tawm (b, kawg = ``) a, b = b, a+b
- Cov ntu yuav khiav ntev li ntev tau (thaum) b tsawg dua (<) 100.
- Cov zis yuav yog 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89
- Qhov kawg = `` hais kom ua yuav tso tawm cov kab ntawm tib kab es tsis txhob muab txhua tus nqi ntawm kab sib cais.
-
Muaj ob peb yam uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov hauv txoj haujlwm yooj yim no uas tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov haujlwm nyuaj hauv Python:
- Nco ntsoov qhov indentation. A: qhia tias cov kab hauv qab no yuav nkag mus thiab yog ib feem ntawm qhov thaiv. Hauv qhov piv txwv saum toj no, luam tawm (b) thiab a, b = b, a+b yog ib feem ntawm qhov thaiv. Kev nkag mus kom raug yog qhov tseem ceeb txhawm rau kom koj txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm.
- Ntau qhov sib txawv tuaj yeem txhais tau ntawm tib kab. Hauv qhov piv txwv saum toj no, a thiab b yog ob qho tib si txhais ntawm kab thawj.
- Yog tias koj tab tom nkag rau txoj haujlwm no ncaj qha rau tus neeg txhais lus, koj yuav tsum ntxiv kab kab dawb mus rau qhov kawg kom tus neeg txhais lus paub tias txoj haujlwm tau ua tiav.
Kauj Ruam 2. Tsim cov haujlwm hauv cov haujlwm
Koj tuaj yeem txhais cov haujlwm uas koj tuaj yeem hu tom qab hauv qhov haujlwm. Qhov no muaj txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb yog tias koj xav tau siv ntau txoj haujlwm nyob hauv qhov txwv ntawm txoj haujlwm loj. Hauv qhov piv txwv hauv qab no, koj tuaj yeem tsim lub luag haujlwm hu Fibonacci ib qib zuj zus zoo ib yam li koj tau sau ua ntej:
def fib (n): a, b = 0, 1 thaum a <n: print (a, end = ``) a, b = b, a+b print () # Tom qab hauv qhov program, koj tuaj yeem hu koj Fibonacci # ua haujlwm rau ib qho txiaj ntsig koj hais qhia fib (1000)
Qhov no yuav rov qab 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89 144 233 377 610 987
Kauj Ruam 3. Tsim kom muaj cov txheej txheem tswj cov txheej txheem nyuaj dua
Cov lus tswj kev ntws tso cai rau koj teeb tsa cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb uas hloov pauv txoj haujlwm li cas. Qhov no yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum koj tab tom cuam tshuam nrog cov neeg siv tswv yim. Cov piv txwv hauv qab no yuav siv if, elif (else if), thiab lwm yam los tsim cov haujlwm yooj yim uas ntsuas tus neeg siv hnub nyoog.
hnub nyoog = int (input ("Nkag mus rau koj lub hnub nyoog:")) yog hnub nyoog <= 12: luam tawm ("Nws zoo heev rau menyuam yaus!") elif hnub nyoog hauv thaj tsam (13, 20): luam tawm ("Koj yog ib tug tub hluas ! ") lwm: luam tawm (" Lub sijhawm kom loj hlob ") # Yog tias ib qho ntawm cov nqe lus no muaj tseeb # cov lus sib tham yuav raug nthuav tawm. # Yog tias ob nqe lus tsis muaj tseeb, "lwm yam" # lus tau tshwm.
-
Txoj haujlwm no tseem qhia ob peb lwm nqe lus tseem ceeb heev uas yuav muaj txiaj ntsig rau ntau yam kev siv sib txawv:
- input () - Qhov no ua rau cov neeg siv nkag los ntawm cov keyboard. Tus neeg siv yuav pom cov lus sau hauv kab ntawv. Hauv qhov piv txwv no, cov tswv yim () tau nyob ib puag ncig los ntawm int () ua haujlwm, uas txhais tau tias txhua qhov kev tawm tswv yim yuav raug kho raws li tus lej.
- range () - Txoj haujlwm no tuaj yeem siv ntau txoj hauv kev. Hauv txoj haujlwm no, nws tau tshuaj xyuas seb tus lej nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm 13 thiab 20. Qhov kawg ntawm qhov ntau tsis suav nrog hauv kev suav.
Kauj Ruam 4. Kawm lwm yam kab zauv raws cai
Piv txwv yav dhau los siv "tsawg dua lossis sib npaug" (<=) cim los txiav txim siab yog tias hnub nyoog nkag tau ua tiav raws li qhov xwm txheej. Koj tuaj yeem siv cov lus zoo ib yam uas koj xav tau hauv lej, tab sis ntaus lawv txawv me ntsis:
| Lub ntsiab lus | Cim | Python Cim | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tsawg dua | < | < | |
| Loj tshaj | > | > | |
| Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug | ≤ | <= | |
| Ntau dua lossis sib npaug | ≥ | >= | |
| Sib npaug | = | == | |
| Tsis sib npaug | ≠ | != |
Kauj Ruam 5. Kawm ntxiv
Cov no tsuas yog cov hauv paus thaum nws los txog rau nab hab sej. Txawm hais tias nws yog ib hom lus yooj yim kawm, muaj qhov tob me ntsis yog tias koj xav khawb. Txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj los kawm txuas ntxiv yog tsim cov phiaj xwm! Nco ntsoov tias koj tuaj yeem sau cov program ncaj qha rau hauv tus neeg txhais lus, thiab ntsuas koj qhov kev hloov pauv yog yooj yim ib yam li khiav cov haujlwm los ntawm kab hais kom ua dua.
- Muaj ntau ntau phau ntawv zoo muaj rau Python programming, suav nrog, "Python for Beginners", "Python Cookbook", thiab "Python Programming: Introduction to Computer Science".
- Muaj ntau qhov chaw muaj nyob hauv online, tab sis ntau tus tseem npaj rau Python 2. X. Tej zaum koj yuav tsum tau hloov kho rau ib qho piv txwv uas lawv muab.
- Yog tias koj xav khiav nab nab hauv online tab sis xav kom khiav nab nab 3, Repl [1] muaj tus txhais lus nab nab uas siv tshuab virtual linux. Lwm qhov peev txheej online zoo rau yav tom ntej "nab nab" (tus paub zoo txog nab hab sej programmer) yog kev xav ua haujlwm [2]. Rau cov teeb meem loj dua, "Automate the Boring Stuff" [3] thiab Project Euler [4] kuj tseem muaj.
- Ntau lub tsev kawm hauv nroog muaj chav kawm ntawm Python. Muaj ntau zaus Python tau qhia hauv cov chav qhia ua vim nws yog ib yam lus uas yooj yim kawm.
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