Qhov ceev ceev yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab cov hauv paus uas mus rau hauv kev yees duab zoo. Yog tias lub qhov rooj qhib ntev dua, lub teeb duab yuav pom rau lub teeb ntev dua. Nrog lub kaw lus luv luv, lub ntsuas duab yuav raug nthuav tawm rau lub sijhawm tsawg dua. Hloov pauv qhov nrawm los ntawm ib qho thais nrawm dua lossis ib qho nqis qis dua yog hu ua kho nws los ntawm ib "kauj ruam." Thaum koj nce qhov nrawm nrawm los ntawm ib kauj ruam koj nyob rau ib nrab ntawm lub sijhawm uas lub qhov rooj qhib rau, thiab thaum koj txo qhov nrawm nrawm los ntawm ib kauj ruam koj tau ua ob npaug ntawm lub sijhawm uas lub qhov rooj qhib rau.
Cov kauj ruam
Ntu 1 ntawm 2: Xaiv Shutter Speed
Kauj Ruam 1. Siv lub nrawm nrawm nrawm hauv qhov pom kev zoo
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb txhawm rau kho qhov ceev kom haum rau lub teeb uas koj tab tom tua. Siv lub nrawm nrawm dua li 1/250 ntawm ob (piv txwv li, 1/500 lossis 1/1, 000) yog tias koj tab tom tua hauv qhov ci, ntuj kaj Qhov no yuav ua kom pom cov duab yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam lub teeb duab nrog lub teeb. Lub sijhawm nthuav tawm ntev dua yuav ua rau pom cov duab thiab tso nws tawm.
- Shutter ceev tau qhia ua feem ntawm ib pliag. Piv txwv li, koj qhov ceev tuaj yeem yog 1/125, 1/600, lossis 1/200. Qee lub koob yees duab yuav tawm tus lej tawm, thiab tsuas yog muab qis ib nrab ntawm cov feem. Hauv qhov no, koj yuav tsum cuam tshuam nrog qhov nrawm ntawm 125, 600, lossis 200.
- Cov kab lus "lub sijhawm raug" tsuas yog hais txog lub sijhawm uas lub qhov rooj qhib. Nws qhib rau lub sijhawm ntev dua rau kev nthuav tawm ntev dua thiab tsawg dua rau kev nthuav tawm luv dua.
Kauj Ruam 2. Xaiv qhov kaw nrawm dua hauv qhov ua kom pom tseeb
Yog tias koj tab tom tua sab hauv tsev lossis yav tsaus ntuj, siv qhov nrawm nrawm dua. Txawm hais tias koj tab tom tua sab hauv tsev thaum nruab hnub nrig, sim kaw qhov nrawm ntawm 1/30 ntawm ib pliag lossis ntev dua (piv txwv li, 1/20 lossis 1/10 ntawm thib ob). Kev nrawm dua yuav ua kom ntseeg tau tias lub teeb txaus los nthuav tawm cov duab raug rau lub ntsej muag duab.
Txhua lub sijhawm koj kho koj lub koob yees duab qhov nrawm, siv lub teeb pom kev zoo los saib seb koj puas yuav nthuav tawm lub teeb pom kev kom pom kev txaus
Kauj Ruam 3. Xaiv qhov nrawm nrawm dua li ib pliag hauv qhov xwm txheej qis
Cov kws yees duab tsis tshua siv qeeb qeeb ib yam li ib, ob, lossis peb caug vib nas this. Tsuas yog siv cov nrawm no yog tias koj tab tom tua hauv lub teeb qis heev. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj tab tom thaij duab lub hli thaum hmo ntuj, koj yuav xav tso lub qhov rooj qhib rau 10-30 vib nas this.
Txhua lub sijhawm koj qhib lub qhov rooj ntev dua 1/30 ntawm ib pliag, koj yuav pom qee lub koob yees duab co hauv daim duab, vim tib neeg txhais tes tsis tuaj yeem tuav lub koob yees duab zoo kawg. Yog li, teeb lub koob yees duab ntawm lub koob yees duab yog tias koj siv lub kaw nrawm
Kauj Ruam 4. Xaiv qhov nrawm nrawm dua 1/500 rau kev txav suab
Yog tias koj tab tom ntes ib pab neeg dhia hauv huab cua lossis thaij duab ntawm koj tus phooj ywg skateboarding, xaiv qhov nrawm nrawm kom khov cov lus tsa suab hauv cov duab tseem. Qhov no yuav muab daim duab kom pom meej thiab ntes txoj haujlwm tseeb ntawm daim duab lub ntsiab lus nyob rau lub sijhawm uas koj tau thaij duab. Yog tias koj pom tias 1/500 qeeb me ntsis, sim siv 1/1, 000 lossis 1/2, 000.
Thaum tua nrog qhov nrawm nrawm, koj ib txwm tsis tas yuav siv lub tswb. Txawm hais tias txhua tus neeg txhais tes muaj qhov sib luag me ntsis thaum tuav lub koob yees duab, lub kaw lus yuav tsis qhib ntev txaus los sau npe qhov kev co me me
Kauj Ruam 5. Sim kaw qhov ntev tshaj li 1/250 kom muab koj cov duab ua qhov muag tsis pom kev
Yog tias koj tab tom tua, hais, thaj chaw paj los yog phooj ywg khiav raws ntug dej hiav txwv, koj yuav xav kom cov duab ua qhov muag plooj me ntsis kom muab cov duab nkag siab thiab lub zog. Kev tua nrog lub nrawm nrawm me ntsis yuav ntes me ntsis ntawm cov ncauj lus thaum lub kaw lus qhib. Yog tias lub koob yees duab tsis ntes qhov muag plooj txaus thaum koj tab tom tua ntawm 1/250, sim siv sijhawm ntev dua li 1/100.
Nco ntsoov tias koj siv lub koob yees duab thaum koj tua cov duab uas ntes cov lus tsa suab. Yog tias koj tuav lub koob yees duab ntawm tes, keeb kwm yav dhau ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj kuj tseem yuav plooj raws li koj txhais tes co me ntsis. Qhov no yuav ua rau daim duab pom tag nrho qhov muag plooj
Kauj Ruam 6. Sib phim koj qhov ceev nrog koj li ISO thiab qhov chaw teeb
Koj lub koob yees duab qhov teeb tsa qhov chaw (tseem hu ua f-stop) txiav txim siab dav npaum li cas lub qhov me me uas tso lub teeb mus rau lub teeb duab thiab yog ib qho tseem ceeb tivthaiv thaum sim ua kom raug duab. Siv koj lub koob yees duab lub teeb pom kev zoo los teeb tsa qhov uas yuav ua rau pom qhov zoo ntawm koj cov duab.
- Tus lej ISO hais txog zaj duab xis nrawm uas koj lub koob yees duab tau teeb tsa. Cov lej ISO qis dua (piv txwv li, 200 lossis 400) xav tau lub teeb ntau dua kom pom qhov tseeb thaum cov lej ISO siab dua (piv txwv li, 800 lossis 1, 600) xav tau lub teeb me me.
- Piv txwv li, yog tias koj tab tom tua 800 ISO zaj duab xis (lossis muaj koj lub koob yees duab digital ib leeg kho qhov muag [DSLR] teeb tsa rau 800 ISO), siv lub qhov tob ntawm f/2 (dav) thiab qhov ceev ntawm 1/500 (nrawm) yuav tso cai kwv yees tib lub teeb pom kev zoo li tua nrog lub qhov tob ntawm f/11 (nqaim) thiab qhov ceev ntawm 1/15 (qeeb).
Kauj Ruam 7. Tua nrog lub qhov taub dav thiab kaw qhov nrawm rau qhov tob ntawm qhov chaw
Hauv kev yees duab, qhov tob ntawm thaj chaw hais txog ntau npaum li cas qhov tob ntawm daim duab yog tsom mus rau. Qhov "ntev" qhov tob ntawm daim teb txhais tau tias keeb kwm yav dhau los yog tsom, thaum "luv" qhov tob ntawm daim teb txhais tau tias tsuas yog lub hauv ntej tsom mus. Muaj qhov tob ntawm qhov chaw yog qhov zoo tshaj rau cov duab uas qhia tsuas yog cov ncauj lus thiab ua rau lub ntsej muag tsis meej.
- Piv txwv li, siv lub qhov taub ntawm f/2 thiab kaw nrawm ntawm 1/1, 000 kom plooj qhov keeb kwm yav dhau thiab tsuas yog cov ntsiab lus tsom mus rau.
- Hloov pauv, yog tias koj xav tau qhov tob tob ntawm daim teb, siv lub qhov me me thiab qhov nrawm nrawm. Qhov no yuav ua rau tag nrho cov duab-ua ntej thiab tom qab-hauv kev tsom. Nov yog qhov kev xaiv nrov rau cov duab toj roob hauv pes.
Ntu 2 ntawm 2: Teeb Shutter Speed
Kauj Ruam 1. Muab koj lub koob yees duab tso rau hauv “Tv” hom yog tias koj tsis xav xaiv f-nres
Koj lub koob yees duab yuav tsum muaj 1 nti (2.5 cm) kev xaiv dav rau ntawm sab saum toj-sab xis uas tso cai rau koj xaiv ntau npaum li cas tswj koj muaj nyob ntawm lub koob yees duab qhov raug teeb tsa. Yog tias koj siv "Tv" (tus nqi sijhawm) hom (tseem hu ua hom kaw qhov tseem ceeb), koj yuav xaiv qhov kaw qhov nrawm thiab lub koob yees duab yuav cia li xaiv qhov sib haum f-nres.
- Qhov no yog qhov kev xaiv zoo yog tias koj tsis muaj kev paub txog kev yees duab lossis tsis muaj sijhawm los phim lub f-nres mus rau qhov ntsuas qhov ceev (piv txwv li, yog tias koj tab tom tua phom).
- Yog tias koj tab tom tua hauv TV hom thiab xaiv qhov nrawm uas nrawm dhau lossis qeeb rau qhov teeb pom kev zoo, f-nres yuav ntsais lossis nthuav tawm qhov yuam kev kos npe los qhia tias koj siv tsis tau qhov nrawm.
- Cov ntsiab lus “aperture” thiab “f-stop” tau siv sib pauv; lawv ob leeg hais txog tib yam.
Kauj Ruam 2. Siv hom "phau ntawv" yog tias koj xav kom tswj tau qhov raug
Yog tias koj hloov qhov xaiv xaiv mus rau "M" (phau ntawv) hom, koj tuaj yeem tuaj yeem xaiv ob qho tib si kaw nrawm thiab f-nres. Qhov no yog qhov kev xaiv zoo los siv yog tias koj xav fiddle nrog qhov kev txhaj tshuaj tob ntawm daim teb thiab yog tias koj muaj sijhawm ntau los teeb tsa qhov txhaj tshuaj (piv txwv li, yog tias koj tab tom tua cov ntsiab lus zoo li qub).
Cov DSLRs qub thiab cov yeeb yaj kiab ib leeg-lub lens reflux (SLR) cov koob yees duab tsuas yog muaj phau ntawv qhia ua tiav thiab hom tsis siv neeg nkaus xwb. Hauv qhov no, xaiv hom kev ua haujlwm kom muaj kev tswj hwm qhov ceev
Kauj Ruam 3. Nrhiav qhov ntsuas qhov nrawm ntawm lub koob yees duab cov duab pom
Thaum koj tau xaiv koj hom kev tua, ua tibzoo saib lub vijtsam digital nyob tom qab ntawm lub koob yees duab. Nws yuav tsum tso saib qhov ceev uas lub koob yees duab tau teeb tsa tam sim no. Feem ntau, qhov no yuav yog qhov ntsuas qhov nrawm nrawm.
Piv txwv li, ntau lub DSLRs muaj qhov ntsuas qhov ceev ntawm 1/320
Kauj Ruam 4. Nyem rau ntawm lub kaum sab xis saum toj ntawm lub koob yees duab txhawm rau kho qhov ceev
Feem ntau cov qauv ntawm DSLR muaj lub me me, tig rov qab tig rau sab saum toj-sab xis ntawm lub koob yees duab, nyob ib sab ntawm lub khawm kaw. Tsiv lub xov tooj ib nyem rau sab xis kom qeeb lub shutter ceev los ntawm ib qho nres thiab ib qho nyem rau sab laug kom nrawm nrawm nrawm los ntawm ib qho nres.
Yog tias koj tab tom tua hauv Tv hom, lub koob yees duab yuav xaiv f-nres uas yuav nthuav tawm koj cov duab zoo tshaj plaws nrog qhov ntsuas nrawm uas koj tau xaiv
Lub tswv yim
- Nyob ntawm qhov ua thiab qauv ntawm koj lub koob yees duab, kev hloov qhov ceev yuav ua haujlwm sib txawv me ntsis dua li cov txheej txheem tau piav qhia saum toj no. Tham nrog koj tus tswv phau ntawv kom paub ntau ntxiv.
- Feem ntau ntawm cov koob yees duab SLR raug muag yog digital. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws txog kev tua nrog DSLR yog qhov uas koj tuaj yeem sim ua qhov sib txawv ceev kom paub seb qhov twg zoo tshaj plaws yam tsis tau nkim zaj duab xis kim!
