Qhov ntsuas qhov nrawm yog lub sijhawm uas lub tshuab kaw cia kom pom lub teeb dhau los ntawm lub lens mus rau zaj duab xis lossis digital sensor. Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm qhov raug teeb tsa - kaw nrawm, lub lens qhov siab, thiab ISO rhiab heev - yuav muab cov duab ci, sib piv. Qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas kom raug yuav muab rau koj cov duab zoo nkauj uas koj xav tau.
Cov kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 2: Xaiv Shutter Speed
Kauj Ruam 1. Xaiv qhov nrawm uas yuav tsis plooj thaum tua cov khoom tseem
Qhov tseem ceeb uas koj xav ua thaum koj thaij duab yog tshem tawm lub koob yees duab co. Siv qhov nrawm nrawm kom tsis txhob muaj lub koob yees duab co plooj. Sim yam tsawg 1/60 rau hom duab no. Yog tias koj muaj txhais tes khov kho, 1/30 yuav tsim cov duab zoo.
- Txog qhov xwm txheej no, kev hloov pauv nrawm tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam (lwm yam tshaj li ntawm kev nthuav dav tag nrho) tshwj tsis yog qee yam txav txaus thaum lub sij hawm raug rau smear nws los ntawm yam tsawg ib pixel dav. Txawm li ntawd los, nws yuav tsuas yog ua rau daim duab me me tshwj tsis yog tias muaj ib qho txav txaus los pleev nws hla ntau qhov dav pixel.
- Lub lens ruaj khov los yog lub koob yees duab tuaj yeem tso cai rau koj tuav lub koob yees duab nres lossis ob qeeb, raws li tuaj yeem ua tib zoo tuav cov txheej txheem.
- Teem lub koob yees duab ntawm qee yam ruaj khov zoo li lub koob yees duab tshem tawm lub koob yees duab co, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum koj xaiv qhov kaw qhov nrawm dua.
Kauj Ruam 2. Xaiv qhov nrawm nrawm yog tias koj xav kom khov txav
Kev txiav txim siab yog tias koj xav yees duab dab tsi tseem tab tom txav mus los pab koj xaiv qhov nrawm. Yog tias koj xav yees duab qee yam uas tau txav mus los, koj xav tau nrawm nrawm. Piv txwv li, koj yuav siv lub kaw suab nrawm los ntes cov kws ua las voos, kws ntaus nkauj, lossis txawm hais lus rau pej xeem uas txav mus los ntau.
- Siv 1/500 rau kev yees duab dav dav ntawm cov xwm txheej niaj hnub, kis las, thiab cov ncauj lus.
- Siv 1/1000-1/4000 thaum tua cov ntsiab lus uas nrawm heev thiab ze ze. 1/1000-1/2000 ua haujlwm tau zoo thaum thaij duab noog. 1/1000 ua haujlwm tau zoo thaum thaij duab lub tsheb.
Kauj Ruam 3. Siv lub nrawm nrawm kom ntes cov suab nrov tsis meej
Thaum koj thaij duab ntawm ib yam dab tsi txav mus, qeeb qeeb qeeb yuav ntes qhov txav mus raws li qhov muag plooj.
- Piv txwv li, koj tuaj yeem siv lub kaw suab qeeb los yees duab lub teeb ntawm lub tsheb, uas yuav tsim kom muaj lub teeb ci.
- Koj kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv cov txheej txheem no los yaum qhov ua los ntawm kev qhia qhov tseem kawm ntawm qhov keeb kwm yav dhau los. Rau qhov no, siv qhov ceev ntawm 1/15. Ua raws cov ncauj lus kom feem ntau yog keeb kwm yav dhau, ntau dua li cov ncauj lus, txav ze rau lub koob yees duab thiab tsis meej pem.
- Koj kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv lub kaw nrawm nrawm los ntes cov khoom uas zoo kawg nkaus, zoo li architecture lossis cov khoom tsis muaj sia nyob hauv chav uas tsis muaj leej twg nyob hauv.
Kauj Ruam 4. Txiav txim siab qhov ntsuas qhov nrawm raws qhov pom kev
Lub teeb cuam tshuam rau qhov pom ntawm koj daim duab. Qhov pom ntawm lub teeb txiav txim siab seb hom shutter ceev koj yuav xaiv. Yog tias koj tso lub teeb pom kev ntau dhau, koj daim duab yuav raug tso tawm ntau dhau. Yog tias koj tso rau hauv lub teeb pom kev me me dhau, nws yuav tsis pom qhov tseeb.
- Kev kaw qhov nrawm ua haujlwm tau zoo nrog ntau lub teeb.
- Kev kaw lub suab qeeb qeeb tau siv nrog lub teeb qis kom lub teeb nkag mus rau lub koob yees duab thiab ua kom pom duab. Hauv cov xwm txheej uas koj muaj lub teeb pom kev tsawg heev, koj yuav xav siv ntau qhov kaw nrawm thib ob. Rau qhov no, koj yuav xav tau lub tswm ciab lossis lwm yam kom ruaj ntseg lub koob yees duab.
- Kev kaw qhov nrawm tuaj yeem siv hmo ntuj. Qhov no yuav ua rau koj taug kev yooj yim, zoo li los ntawm tsheb lossis foob pob hluav taws. Sim 2-30 vib nas this yog tias koj xav tau qhov txiaj ntsig no.
- Txhawm rau kom tau txais kev nqis tes ua hauv thaj chaw tsaus ntuj, nce ISO qhov nkag siab thiab xaiv qhov kaw qhov nrawm. Siv lub teeb nyem sab nraud, thiab ua ke nrog qhov kaw qhov nrawm nrawm (zoo li 1/250), koj tuaj yeem khov cov lus tsa suab.
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 2: Nkag Siab Lub Koob Yees Duab Shutter Basics
Kauj Ruam 1. Nkag siab qhov shutter thiab shutter speed
Lub kaw lus yog lub cuab yeej hauv lub koob yees duab uas cuam tshuam lub teeb rau lub sensor. Thaum lub koob yees duab tua, lub kaw lus luv luv qhib kom pom lub koob yees duab sensor mus rau qhov kev tswj hwm lub teeb. Lub qhov rooj kaw, kaw lub teeb dua.
Shutter speed yog lub sijhawm uas lub qhov rooj qhib. Qhov no txhais tau tias nws yog lub sijhawm ntev npaum li cas lub koob yees duab lub koob yees duab pom qhov xwm txheej. Qhov no feem ntau yog ib feem me me ntawm ob
Kauj Ruam 2. Paub ntsuas ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas
Shutter speeds raug ntsuas hauv feem ntawm vib nas this. Cov sijhawm no suav txij li 1/8000 mus rau ob peb feeb ntev. Kev ceev ntawm 1/60 lossis nrawm dua yog qhov feem ntau siv nrawm.
- Txhua yam hauv qab 1/60 yuav ua rau lub koob yees duab co, uas ua rau lub qhov muag tsis pom. Koj yuav tsum tau siv lub tripod yog tias koj siv qeeb qeeb.
- Feem ntau tsuas yog tus lej cim nyob hauv lub koob yees duab. Piv txwv, "125" txhais tau tias yog 1/125 thib ob.
- Qee lub koob yees duab tso cai rau koj thaij duab ntawm qhov nrawm nrawm hauv vib nas this, xws li 1, 2, lossis 10 vib nas this. Qhov no yog siv rau kev yees duab qis thiab txav mus los ntau.
Kauj Ruam 3. Kawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov nrawm thiab qeeb shutter speeds
Txhawm rau paub qhov kaw qhov nrawm koj yuav tsum siv nyob rau hauv ib qho xwm txheej, koj yuav tsum xub paub tias qhov nrawm thiab qeeb qeeb yog dab tsi. Feem ntau, 1/60 yog lub hauv paus kaw qhov nrawm uas cim qhov ciam teb ntawm nrawm thiab qeeb.
- Cov lej loj dua 60, zoo li 1/125, 1/500, lossis 1/2000, yog qhov nrawm nrawm. Cov lej hauv qab 60, zoo li 1/30 thiab 1/15 qeeb.
- Shutter nrawm uas yog puv vib nas this ntev, zoo li 1 lossis 2 vib nas this, yog qeeb qeeb heev.
Kauj Ruam 4. Nrhiav koj lub hom phiaj qhov tseem ceeb tua
Cov koob yees duab feem ntau muaj qhov tseem ceeb kaw qhov rooj. Hom no yuav tso cai rau koj xaiv qhov ntsuas qhov nrawm raws li daim duab uas koj xav tau thaum lub koob yees duab sib haum rau lub aperture yog li koj tau txais qhov raug zoo tshaj plaws.
- Ntawm cov koob yees duab feem ntau, qhov ntsuas qhov tseem ceeb kaw tau sau tias "S." Ntawm qee lub koob yees duab, zoo li Canons, qhov chaw no tau sau tias "Tv."
- Koj tuaj yeem tua hauv hom aperture thiab cia lub koob yees duab xaiv qhov nrawm thaum koj teeb lub lens qhov siab.
- Hauv phau ntawv hom, sau lo lus "M," koj teeb lub nrawm thiab lub qhov taub.
Kauj Ruam 5. Xav txog qhov focal ntev
Qhov focal ntev ntawm koj lub lens tuaj yeem ua rau lub koob yees duab co. Vim li no, koj yuav tsum tau siv lub focal ntev los txiav txim siab thaum xaiv qhov nrawm. Yog tias koj muaj focal ntev ntev, tej zaum koj yuav xav siv qhov nrawm nrawm dua.
Qhov sib faib ceev ceev yuav tsum yog yam tsawg kawg nkaus sib npaug, yog tias tsis loj dua, tshaj qhov focal ntev. Piv txwv li, lub lens 50 hli yuav tsum tau tuav ntawm qhov nrawm tsis nrawm dua li 1/50 thib ob; 200mm lub lens yuav tsum tsis qeeb dua 1/200
Yees duab - Los ntawm kev siv qhov kev pabcuam no, qee cov ntaub ntawv yuav raug muab qhia rau YouTube
Lub tswv yim
- Cov teeb tsa ISO yuav xav tau hloov kho thaum thaij duab. Kev teeb tsa qhov siab kuj tseem yuav tsum tau kho.
- Yog tias lub koob yees duab feem ntau nthuav tawm zaj duab xis tsis raug txawm tias ua tib zoo ntsuas thiab teeb pom kev zoo ib yam, lub qhov rooj yuav xav tau kho.
