Nrhiav cov ntawv hauv Linux system tuaj yeem nyuaj yog tias koj tsis paub yuav ua li cas. Txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv yog siv ob peb lub davhlau ya nyob twg sib txawv. Kev ua tiav cov lus txib no tuaj yeem ua tiav kev tswj hwm koj cov ntaub ntawv, thiab lawv muaj zog ntau dua li kev tshawb nrhiav yooj yim ntawm lwm cov haujlwm.
Cov kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 3: Siv "nrhiav"
Kauj Ruam 1. Nruab
nrhiav kev ua haujlwm.
Cov lus txib nrhiav feem ntau ua haujlwm nrawm dua li nrhiav, vim tias nws ua haujlwm tawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm koj cov qauv ntaub ntawv. Tsis yog txhua qhov kev faib Linux tuaj nrog nrhiav qhov ua haujlwm tau teeb tsa, yog li sau cov lus txib hauv qab no txhawm rau txhawm rau nruab nws:
- Ntaus sudo apt-tau hloov tshiab thiab nias ↵ Enter.
- Koj tuaj yeem nruab nws hauv Debian thiab Ubuntu zoo li no: Hom sudo apt-get install mlocate thiab nias ↵ Enter. Yog tias nrhiav tau teeb tsa lawm, koj yuav pom cov lus txav chaw yog twb yog qhov tshiab tshaj plaws.
- Hauv Arch Linux, siv pacman tus thawj tswj hwm pob: pacman -S mlocate
- Rau Gentoo, siv qhov tshwm sim: tshwm sim txav chaw
Kauj Ruam 2. Hloov kho koj li
nrhiav database.
Qhov chaw hais kom ua yuav tsis tuaj yeem pom dab tsi txog thaum nws cov database tau tsim thiab hloov kho tshiab. Qhov no tshwm sim txhua hnub, tab sis koj tuaj yeem hloov kho nws ib yam nkaus. Koj yuav tsum ua qhov no yog tias koj xav pib siv tam sim ntawd.
Ntaus sudo updatedb thiab nias ↵ Enter
Kauj Ruam 3. Siv
nrhiav los tshawb nrhiav yooj yim.
Kev nrhiav cov lus txib yog nrawm, tab sis nws tsis muaj ntau txoj kev xaiv raws li pom cov lus txib. Koj tuaj yeem ua cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb yooj yim ntau yam ib yam li qhov nrhiav pom.
nrhiav -i "*.jpg"
- Cov lus txib no yuav tshawb xyuas koj tag nrho cov kab ke rau cov ntaub ntawv nrog-j.webp" />
- Zoo li qhov pom kev hais kom ua, -i tsis quav ntsej cov ntaub ntawv koj nug.
Kauj Ruam 4. Txwv koj qhov kev tshawb fawb
Yog tias koj qhov kev tshawb fawb tau rov qab los ntau dhau los ua tiav, koj tuaj yeem txiav lawv siv qhov -n kev xaiv, tom qab ntawd tus lej ntawm cov txiaj ntsig koj xav pom.
nrhiav -n 20 -i "*.jpg"
- Tsuas yog thawj 20 qhov txiaj ntsig uas phim cov lus nug yuav raug nthuav tawm.
- Koj tseem tuaj yeem siv | yeeb nkab xa cov txiaj ntsig mus rau tsawg dua rau kev yooj yim scrolling.
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 3: Siv "nrhiav"
Kauj Ruam 1. Tshawb nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm nws cov ntaub ntawv npe
Nov yog qhov kev tshawb nrhiav yooj yim tshaj plaws uas koj tuaj yeem ua tau siv qhov nrhiav kom ua. Cov lus txib hauv qab no yuav tshawb nrhiav cov lus nug hauv phau ntawv teev npe tam sim no thiab ib qho subdirectories.
nrhiav -iname "filename"
Siv -iname hloov chaw -name tsis quav ntsej cov lus nug ntawm koj. Qhov -name hais kom ua yog cov ntaub ntawv -rhiab
Kauj Ruam 2. Teeb qhov kev tshawb nrhiav kom pib hauv phau ntawv teev npe
Yog tias koj xav tshawb koj li kab ke tag nrho, koj tuaj yeem ntxiv / hloov kho rau cov lus nug. Qhov no yuav qhia pom txhawm rau tshawb nrhiav txhua phau ntawv pib los ntawm cov hauv paus npe.
nrhiav / -iname "filename"
- Koj tuaj yeem pib tshawb nrhiav hauv cov npe tshwj xeeb los ntawm kev hloov /nrog cov npe kab, xws li /home /pat.
- Koj tuaj yeem siv a. hloov ntawm / txhawm rau tshawb nrhiav tsuas yog ua tiav ntawm cov npe tam sim no thiab cov npe me me.
Kauj Ruam 3. Siv tus tsiaj ntawv cim
* txhawm rau tshawb nrhiav txhua yam uas haum rau ib feem ntawm cov lus nug.
Tus cim * tus cim tuaj yeem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev nrhiav qee yam yog tias koj tsis paub lub npe tag nrho, lossis yog tias koj xav nrhiav txhua yam nrog kev txuas ntxiv tshwj xeeb.
nrhiav /tsev /pat -iname "*.conf"
- Qhov no yuav xa rov qab txhua qhov.conf cov ntaub ntawv hauv Pat's tus neeg siv ntawv tais ceev tseg (thiab cov npe me me).
- Koj kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv nws txhawm rau nrhiav txhua yam uas phim ib feem ntawm cov npe ntawv. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj muaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv cuam tshuam nrog wikiHow, koj tuaj yeem pom lawv txhua tus los ntawm kev ntaus "*wiki*".
Kauj Ruam 4. Ua kom koj cov txiaj ntsig tshawb fawb yooj yim los tswj
Yog tias koj tau txais ntau qhov txiaj ntsig tshawb fawb, nws tuaj yeem nyuaj rau sift los ntawm lawv. Siv cov | tus yam ntxwv thiab xa cov txiaj ntsig tshawb fawb mus rau qhov program "lim" lim. Qhov no tuaj yeem tso cai rau koj los hla thiab lim cov txiaj ntsig tau yooj yim dua.
nrhiav /tsev /pat -iname "*.conf" | tsawg dua
Kauj Ruam 5. Nrhiav yam tshwj xeeb ntawm cov txiaj ntsig
Koj tuaj yeem siv cov kev hloov kho kom tsuas yog xa rov qab cov txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb. Koj tuaj yeem tshawb nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv tsis tu ncua (f), phau ntawv teev npe (d), cov cim sib txuas (l), cov khoom siv cim (c), thiab thaiv cov cuab yeej (b) los ntawm kev siv tus kho kom raug.
nrhiav / -type f -iname "filename"
Kauj Ruam 6. Lim koj cov txiaj ntsig tshawb fawb los ntawm qhov loj me
Yog tias koj muaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv nrog cov npe zoo sib xws, tab sis paub qhov loj koj tab tom nrhiav, koj tuaj yeem lim peb cov txiaj ntsig los ntawm qhov loj me.
nrhiav / -size +50M -iname "filename"
- Qhov no yuav xa cov txiaj ntsig uas yog 50 megabytes lossis loj dua. Koj tuaj yeem siv + lossis - txhawm rau tshawb nrhiav qhov loj dua lossis tsawg dua. Omitting tus + lossis - yuav tshawb nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv raws qhov tshwj xeeb loj.
- Koj tuaj yeem lim los ntawm bytes (c), kilobytes (k), megabytes (M), gigabytes (G), lossis 512-byte blocks (b). Nco ntsoov tias tus chij loj yog cov ntaub ntawv-rhiab.
Kauj Ruam 7. Siv cov neeg ua haujlwm boolean los ua ke tshawb fawb lim
Koj tuaj yeem siv cov -and, -or, thiab -not ua haujlwm los sib txuas ntau hom kev tshawb fawb rau hauv ib qho.
nrhiav /travelphotos -type f -size +200k -not -iname "*2015*"
Cov lus txib yuav pom cov ntaub ntawv hauv "travelphotos" cov npe uas muaj ntau dua 200 kilobytes hauv qhov loj tab sis tsis muaj "2015" nyob qhov twg hauv cov npe ntawv
Kauj Ruam 8. Tshawb nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm tus tswv lossis kev tso cai
Yog tias koj tab tom sim nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb uas yog tus tswv siv, lossis cov ntaub ntawv nrog qee qhov kev tso cai, koj tuaj yeem nqaim tshawb nrhiav.
nrhiav / -user pat -iname "filename" nrhiav / -group users -iname "filename" find / -perm 777 -iname "filename"
Cov piv txwv saum toj no yuav tshawb xyuas cov neeg siv tshwj xeeb, pab pawg, lossis kev tso cai rau cov lus nug. Koj tseem tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov npe ntawv nug kom xa rov qab txhua cov ntaub ntawv uas sib xws rau hom ntawd. Piv txwv li, nrhiav / -phev 777 yuav xa tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv nrog rau 777 (tsis muaj kev txwv) tso cai
Kauj Ruam 9. Muab cov lus txib los ua cov haujlwm thaum pom cov ntawv
Koj tuaj yeem ua ke nrhiav cov lus txib nrog lwm cov lus txib kom koj tuaj yeem ua tiav lawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas tau xa rov qab los ntawm cov lus nug. Cais qhov nrhiav cov lus txib thiab cov lus txib thib ob nrog tus chij -exec, thiab tom qab ntawd xaus kab nrog {};
nrhiav. -type f -perm 777 -exec chmod 755 {};
Qhov no yuav tshawb nrhiav cov npe tam sim no (thiab tag nrho cov npe me me) rau cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj 777 kev tso cai. Tom qab ntawd nws yuav siv chmod cov lus txib los hloov kev tso cai rau 755
Txoj Kev 3 ntawm 3: Tshawb Nrhiav Cov Ntawv hauv Cov Ntaub Ntawv
Kauj Ruam 1. Siv
pab hais kom tshawb nrhiav cov hlua ntawm cov ntawv hauv cov ntaub ntawv.
Yog tias koj tab tom nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj cov kab lus lossis kab lus ntawm cov cim, koj tuaj yeem siv grep hais kom ua. Ib qho yooj yim grep hais kom ua yog raws li hauv qab no:
grep -r -i "tshawb nrhiav"/path/to/directory/
- The -r teeb tsa qhov kev tshawb fawb rau "rov ua dua", yog li nws yuav tshawb nrhiav cov npe tam sim no thiab txhua qhov chaw nyob rau txhua cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj cov lus nug.
- Tus -i qhia tias cov lus nug tsis muaj teeb meem. Yog tias koj xav yuam kom tshawb nrhiav kom mob siab rau rooj plaub, tshem tawm -i tus neeg teb xov tooj.
Kauj Ruam 2. Txiav tawm cov ntawv ntxiv
Thaum koj ua qhov kev tshawb fawb grep raws li saud, koj yuav pom lub npe cov ntawv nrog rau cov ntawv nrog cov lus nug sib piv tau hais tseg. Koj tuaj yeem zais cov ntawv sib piv thiab tsuas yog tso saib cov npe npe thiab txoj hauv kev los ntawm suav nrog cov hauv qab no:
grep -r -i "tshawb nrhiav"/path/to/directory/| cev d: f1
Kauj Ruam 3. Nkaum cov lus yuam kev
Grep hais kom ua yuav rov ua yuam kev thaum nws sim nkag mus rau cov ntawv tsis muaj qhov tso cai raug lossis sau rau hauv cov npliag npliag. Koj tuaj yeem xa cov lus yuam kev mus rau /dev /tsis muaj, uas yuav zais lawv los ntawm cov zis.
grep -r -i "tshawb nrhiav"/path/to/directory/2>/dev/null
