Feem ntau cov khoos phis tawj desktop khiav qee qhov ntawm Microsoft Windows, tab sis feem ntau cov servers thiab muaj coob zuj zus ntawm cov khoos phis tawj desktop khiav ntawm Linux ntsiav, uas yog tsw ntawm Unix. Kawm koj txoj hauv kev ib puag ncig Linux ib txwm muaj kev txaus ntshai thaum xub thawj, vim nws zoo li txawv ntawm Windows, tab sis ntau qhov tam sim no tau yooj yim siv raws li lawv tau tsim los ua raws li Windows zoo li thiab xav. Tsiv mus rau Linux tuaj yeem yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws, vim Linux tuaj yeem hloov kho tau yooj yim dua, thiab feem ntau nrawm dua Microsoft Windows.
Cov kauj ruam
Kauj Ruam 1. Ua kom paub txog cov kab ke
Sim rub tawm thiab teeb tsa nws hauv koj lub computer. Yog tias koj tsis paub tseeb, nco ntsoov tias nws muaj peev xwm ua kom koj lub khoos phis tawj tam sim no thiab mob siab rau ib feem ntawm koj lub zog tsav rau Linux (thiab koj tseem tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ob qho tib lub sijhawm yog tias koj siv ib lub tshuab virtual.)
Kauj Ruam 2. Kuaj koj cov cuab yeej nrog "Live CD" uas tau muab los ntawm ntau qhov kev faib khoom ntawm Linux
Qhov no muaj txiaj ntsig yog tias koj tsis xis nyob nrog kev teeb tsa lub operating system thib ob ntawm koj lub computer. CD nyob yuav tso cai rau koj los khau raj rau hauv Linux ib puag ncig los ntawm CD, yam tsis tas yuav teeb tsa ib qho ntawm koj lub computer. Ubuntu thiab qee qhov lwm qhov Linux faib kuj tseem muab CDs lossis DVDs uas tso cai rau koj khau raj rau hauv Hom Nyob, thiab tom qab ntawd teeb tsa los ntawm tib lub disk.
Kauj Ruam 3. Sim ua cov haujlwm uas koj feem ntau siv koj lub khoos phis tawj rau
Tshawb nrhiav kev daws teeb meem yog tias koj tsis tuaj yeem ua cov txheej txheem lossis hlawv CD piv txwv. Sau ntawv ntawm yam koj xav ua, tuaj yeem ua thiab tsis tuaj yeem ua ua ntej koj plunge.
Kauj Ruam 4. Kawm kev faib khoom ntawm Linux
Thaum hais txog "Linux", qhov no feem ntau txhais tau tias yog "GNU/Linux Distribution." Kev faib tawm yog kev sau cov software uas sau rau saum cov haujlwm me me hu ua Linux kernel.
Kauj Ruam 5. Xav txog dual-booting
Qhov no yuav pab koj nkag siab txog kev muab faib thiab tso cai rau koj siv Windows txuas ntxiv. Tab sis nco ntsoov rov qab khaws tag nrho koj tus kheej cov ntaub ntawv thiab teeb tsa ua ntej koj sim teeb tsa ob khau raj.
Kauj Ruam 6. Nruab software
Tau siv los txhim kho thiab tshem tawm software sai li sai tau. Nkag siab txog kev tswj hwm pob thiab chaw cia khoom yog qhov zoo rau kev nkag siab Linux.
Kauj Ruam 7. Kawm siv (thiab txaus siab siv) cov kab hais kom ua kab
Qhov no hu ua 'Terminal', 'terminal window', lossis 'shell'. Ib qho ntawm thawj qhov laj thawj uas ntau tus neeg siv hloov mus rau Linux yog vim nws muaj lub davhlau ya nyob twg, yog li tsis txhob ntshai nws. Nws yog cov phooj ywg muaj zog uas tsis muaj qhov txwv ib yam ntawm Windows qhov hais kom sai. Koj tuaj yeem yooj yim siv Linux yam tsis tau siv lub davhlau ya nyob twg zoo li koj xav tau ntawm Mac OSX. Siv "apropos" tuaj yeem pab koj nrhiav cov lus txib uas ua qee yam haujlwm. Sim "apropos user" kom pom cov npe ntawm cov lus txib uas muaj lo lus "neeg siv" hauv lawv cov lus piav qhia.
Kauj Ruam 8. Paub koj tus kheej nrog Linux cov ntaub ntawv kaw lus
Koj yuav pom thawj zaug tias tsis muaj "C: \" koj tau siv nyob hauv Windows. Txhua yam pib ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv system (aka " /") thiab sib txawv hard drive tau nkag los ntawm /dev directory. Koj phau ntawv qhia tsev, uas koj ib txwm pom hauv C: / Cov ntaub ntawv thiab teeb tsa hauv Windows XP thiab 2000, tam sim no nyob hauv/home/(koj lub npe siv)/.
Kauj Ruam 9. Khaws tshawb xyuas qhov peev xwm ntawm koj lub Linux teeb tsa
Sim encrypted partitions, tshiab thiab nrawm heev cov ntaub ntawv system (zoo li btrfs), rov ua haujlwm tsis sib xws uas ua rau ob qho nrawm dua thiab kev ntseeg tau (RAID's) thiab sim nruab Linux ntawm lub bootable USB stick. Koj yuav pom sai sai tias koj tuaj yeem ua ntau yam!
Lub tswv yim
- Tsim koj thawj Linux system nrog lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv siab, thiab ua raws HOWTO cov ntawv ib qib zuj zus. Piv txwv li, cov kauj ruam hauv kev teeb tsa cov ntaub ntawv server yog yooj yim zoo nkauj, thiab koj tuaj yeem pom ntau qhov chaw uas coj koj los ntawm cov txheej txheem ib qib zuj zus. Qhov no yuav ua rau koj paub tias cov khoom nyob qhov twg, lawv ua dab tsi, thiab yuav hloov lawv li cas.
- Xa mus rau phau ntawv teev npe ua "phau ntawv teev npe" thiab tsis yog "cov ntawv tais ceev tseg"; txawm hais tias ob lo lus zoo ib yam, "cov ntawv" yog lub tswvyim Windows.
- Ua siab ntev, thiab npaj, yog tias koj xav kawm paub siv GNU. Tsis txhob txav ntawm distro mus rau distro kom pom tus uas tau txais txhua yam yog. Koj yuav kawm paub ntau tshaj los ntawm kev kawm yuav kho qhov tsis ua haujlwm li cas.
- Nco ntsoov tias tsuas yog DOS siv backslash ("\") txhawm rau cais cov npe, thaum Linux siv cov lus tom ntej ("/"). Backslashes hauv Linux feem ntau yog siv rau kev khiav cov cim (piv txwv li, / n yog kab ntawv tshiab, / t yog cov cim tab).
- Koj tuaj yeem tau txais kev pab rau yuav luag txhua qhov haujlwm tshwj xeeb lossis cuam tshuam hauv IRC server irc.freenode.net (piv txwv: #debian, #ubuntu, #python, #FireFox, thiab lwm yam). Koj tuaj yeem pom cov neeg siv zej zog kuj nyob hauv irc.freenode.net.
- Muaj ntau lub vev xaib thiab cov npe xa ntawv hauv Is Taws Nem nrog cov ntaub ntawv hais txog Linux. Ua online tshawb nrhiav kom pom cov lus teb rau koj cov lus nug.
- Cov phau ntawv los ntawm cov tshaj tawm John Wiley & Cov Tub, O'Reilly thiab Tsis Muaj Starch Xovxwm tsim nyog los ua tus tswv ntawm Linux. Kuj tseem muaj "Thaum Pib … yog Kab Lus Hais" los ntawm Neal Stephenson thiab "LINUX: Rute User's Tutorial and Exposition"
Lus ceeb toom
- Ntawm tag nrho *nix systems (Linux, UNIX, *BSD, thiab lwm yam), tus thawj coj lossis tus account superuser yog 'hauv paus'. Koj yog tus tswj hwm koj lub khoos phis tawj, tab sis 'hauv paus' tsis yog koj li tus lej siv. Yog tias txheej txheem teeb tsa tsis ua nws, ua rau koj tus kheej ib txwm siv nrog 'useradd' thiab siv qhov ntawd rau koj kev lag luam niaj hnub. Qhov laj thawj rau kev sib cais ntawm koj tus neeg siv thiab koj tus thawj coj yog tias *nix cov txheej txheem xav tias hauv paus paub tias nws ua dab tsi thiab tsis ua phem. Yog li ntawd, tsis muaj lus ceeb toom. Yog tias koj ntaus qee cov lus txib lub kaw lus yuav tshem tawm txhua cov ntaub ntawv ntawm koj lub khoos phis tawj, yam tsis tau txais kev pom zoo, vim tias yog dab tsi hauv paus hais kom nws ua.
- Qee zaum tib neeg qhia siab phem commands yog li ob zaug kos cov lus txib ua ntej koj ntaus lawv.
- Tsis txhob khiav rm -rf / lossis sudo rm -rf / tshwj tsis yog tias koj tau txiav txim siab txiav tawm tag nrho koj cov ntaub ntawv. Khiav cov lus txib 'txiv neej rm' kom paub meej ntxiv.
- Ib yam li ntawd, tsis txhob tsim cov ntaub ntawv npe '-rf'. Yog tias koj ua cov lus txib kom tshem tawm txhua cov ntaub ntawv hauv cov npe ntawd nws yuav cais cov ntawv '-rf' raws li kab lus hais kom sib cav thiab rho tawm txhua cov ntaub ntawv hauv cov npe kab ntawv ib yam.
- Tej zaum nws yuav ntxias kom ua qhov muag tsis pom "foom" koj pom ntawm qee lub vev xaib, cia siab tias lawv yuav ua txoj haujlwm piav qhia. Txawm li cas los xij qhov no ua tsis tau tsuas yog vim tias koj muaj qhov hloov tshiab, kho vajtse sib txawv me ntsis lossis lwm qhov kev faib khoom. Sim ua txhua qhov "foom" nrog -kev pab ua ntej thiab nkag siab tias nws tau ua. Tom qab ntawd nws feem ntau yooj yim los kho ntau yam teeb meem me me (/dev/sda ->/dev/sdb thiab ntxiv rau), ua tiav lub hom phiaj tau piav qhia.
- Ib txwm thaub qab koj cov ntaub ntawv ua ntej koj sim rov faib koj lub zog thaum txhim kho Linux. Rov qab koj cov ntaub ntawv mus rau tshem tawm cov ntaub ntawv xws li CD's, DVDs, USB disks, lossis sib txawv hard drive (tsis sib txawv muab faib).
