Ib lub network ntiag tug yog ib qho uas tsis txuas rau internet, lossis txuas ncaj qha siv NAT (Network Address Translation) yog li nws cov chaw nyob tsis tshwm ntawm pej xeem network. Txawm li cas los xij, lub network ntiag tug tso cai rau koj txuas rau lwm lub khoos phis tawj uas nyob hauv tib lub network. Qhov no tso cai teeb tsa cov khoos phis tawj los sib qhia cov ntaub ntawv thiab tshuab luam ntawv, thaum txwv kev siv internet txuas. Qhov wikiHow no qhia koj yuav teeb tsa lub network ntiag tug li cas.
Cov kauj ruam
Kauj Ruam 1. Npaj koj lub network
Tsim daim duab uas qhia tag nrho cov cuab yeej txuas nrog koj lub network. Cov cuab yeej koj xav tau txuas rau koj lub network yuav txawv nyob ntawm koj xav tau. Qee cov khoom siv suav nrog kev txuas internet, firewall, router, server, VPN, hloov/hub thiab khoos phis tawj sib txawv txuas nrog koj txoj haujlwm. Txhawm rau zam kev tsis meej pem, koj yuav tsum siv cov cim cim kev lag luam thaum tsim koj daim duab. Cov hauv qab no yog qee yam uas koj yuav xav tau suav nrog hauv koj daim duab duab network:
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Internet:
Yog tias koj lub network ntiag tug txuas nrog internet, koj yuav tsum qhia koj li kev siv internet ntawm koj daim duab network. Cov cim kev lag luam tus qauv rau kev txuas hauv is taws nem yog lub cim uas zoo ib yam li huab. Thaum tsim daim duab qhia chaw, pib nrog huab huab los sawv cev rau koj li kev siv internet. Ntawd yog, yog tias koj lub network ntiag tug muaj internet txuas.
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Firewall:
Lub firewall yog lub network kev ruaj ntseg ntaus ntawv uas tswj cov khoom nkag thiab tawm mus raws li cov cai tau npaj tseg. Qhov no tuaj yeem tiv thaiv txhua lub network uas txuas nrog internet. Lawv tuaj yeem raug teeb tsa los thaiv lossis tso cai kev tsheb khiav raws lub xeev, chaw nres nkoj, lossis raws tu qauv. Qee lub firewalls tseem muaj software tiv thaiv kab mob thiab nrhiav pom kev hem thawj. Firewall tuaj yeem tso ua ntej lossis tom qab lub router los tiv thaiv kev hem thawj sab nraud. Hauv feem ntau cov duab kos hauv lub network, lub firewall tau sawv cev nrog cov cib ntsa.
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Routers:
Routers hloov cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov tes hauj lwm tso cai sib txawv sib txuas lus. Qhov no yuav yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm koj tus kheej lub network thiab internet, koj lub network ntiag tug thiab koj lub server, lossis lwm lub network sib txuas uas sib txuas ua ke. Yog tias koj lub router txuas nrog internet, kos kab los ntawm cov cim huab mus rau lub cim router ntawm koj daim duab. Cov cim kev lag luam tus qauv rau lub router yog lub voj voos uas muaj plaub lub xub xub tau teeb tsa hauv tus ntoo khaub lig nyob nruab nrab. Ob lub xub ntawm sab laug thiab sab xis yuav tsum tau taw qhia sab hauv. Cov xub nyob rau saum toj saud, thiab xub hauv qab taw qhia qis. Yog tias nws yog lub wireless router, ntxiv ob lub kav hlau txais xov rau sab saum toj ntawm lub voj voog.
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VPN:
VPN sawv rau "Virtual Private Network". Qhov no yog qhov yuav tsum muaj rau txhua lub network ntiag tug txuas nrog internet. VPN lim tag nrho cov kev siv internet los ntawm tus neeg sawv cev sab nraud, uas ua rau nws yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem taug qab tus IP chaw nyob ntawm ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv txuas nrog lub network. Ntawm daim duab network, lub cim raug rau VPN yog lub ntsuas phoo.
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Neeg rau zaub mov:
Qee lub network muaj cov server uas suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv nruab nrab thiab cov haujlwm rau txhua lub khoos phis tawj txuas nrog lub network. Txhua lub server koj muaj yuav tsum txuas nrog koj lub router. Lub cim cim sib txuas rau lub server yog lub npov uas zoo ib yam li lub computer ntauwd.
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Hloov thiab hubs:
Ib lub router tso cai sib txawv sib txuas lus sib txuas lus, thaum hloov chaw thiab chaw tso cai rau cov khoom siv txuas nrog lub network sib txuas lus. Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov hloov pauv thiab lub hauv paus yog qhov hloov pauv tuaj yeem hloov tag nrho cov network bandwidth rau cov cuab yeej uas xav tau tshaj plaws. Whereas lub hub sib npaug sib faib tag nrho cov bandwidth ntawm txhua lub cuab yeej. Hloov lossis lub hauv paus feem ntau muaj ntau lub khoos phis tawj txuas nrog nws. Qhov hloov lossis lub hub yog txuas nrog lub router. Lub cim tshwj xeeb rau kev hloov lossis lub hauv paus yog lub xwmfab lossis duab plaub nrog ob kab uas hla hauv nruab nrab uas muaj cov xub ntawm ob qho kawg.
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Khoos phis tawj:
Cov khoos phis tawj ntawm lub network feem ntau sawv cev nrog lub cim pib uas zoo ib yam li lub computer screen thiab keyboard. Smartphones thiab ntsiav tshuaj kuj tuaj yeem suav nrog hauv daim duab. Cov khoos phis tawj tau txuas nrog lub hloov lossis lub hub, uas txuas nrog lub router, lossis lub firewall.
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Kab:
Siv cov kab ncaj los ntawm ib lub cuab yeej mus rau lwm qhov los qhia qhov txuas nrog dab tsi hauv daim duab.
Kauj Ruam 2. Tsim daim phiaj chaw nyob
Txhua lub cuab yeej txuas nrog lub network yuav tsum muaj tus IP tshwj xeeb. IPv4 (IP ver. 4) chaw nyob tau sau zoo li no: xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx (plaub tus lej sib cais los ntawm peb tus lej), hauv txhua lub tebchaws RFC-1166 ua raws. Txhua tus lej ntawm 0 txog 255. Qhov no hu ua "Dotted Decimal Notation" lossis "Dot Notation" kom luv. Qhov chaw nyob tau muab faib ua ob ntu: ntu network thiab tus tswv tsev. Thaum thawj tus lej yog 240 txog 255 - Qhov chaw nyob yog "sim". Multicast & Kev sim chaw nyob dhau ntawm qhov uas tau piav qhia hauv kab lus no. Txawm li cas los xij, nco ntsoov tias vim tias IPv4 tsis ua rau lawv zoo ib yam li lwm qhov chaw nyob uas lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob siv.
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Cov chav kawm sib txawv:
Rau "Classful" tes hauj lwm, network thiab host feem yog raws li hauv qab no ("
"sawv cev rau ntu network," x "sawv cev rau tus tswv tsev):- Thaum thawj tus lej yog 0 txog 126 - nnn ua.xxx.xxx.xxx (ex. 10.xxx.xxx.xxx), cov no hu ua "Class A" tes hauj lwm.
- Thaum thawj tus lej yog 128 txog 191 - nnn.nnn.xxx.xxx (ex. 172.16.xxx.xxx), cov no yog hu ua "Class B" tes hauj lwm.
- Thaum thawj tus lej yog 192 txog 223 - nnn.nnn.nnn.xxx (ex. 192.168.1.xxx), cov no hu ua "Class C" tes hauj lwm.
- Thaum thawj tus lej yog 224 txog 239 - Qhov chaw nyob yog siv rau ntau qhov pov tseg.
- Lub network ntu ntawm IP chaw nyob qhia txog lub network. Tus tswv tsev qhia meej txog tus kheej cov cuab yeej ntawm lub network.
- Qhov ntau ntawm txhua qhov ua tau tus tswv tus lej muab rau Qhov Chaw Nyob (piv txwv. 172.16.xxx.xxx qhov ntau yog 172.16.0.0 txog 172.16.255.255).
- Qhov chaw nyob tau qis tshaj yog Network Address (ex. 172.16.xxx.xxx qhov chaw nyob network yog 172.16.0.0). Qhov chaw nyob no yog siv los ntawm cov cuab yeej los qhia lub network nws tus kheej, thiab tsis tuaj yeem muab rau ib qho khoom siv twg.
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Qhov chaw nyob siab tshaj plaws yog Chaw Nyob Tshaj Tawm (ex. 172.16.xxx.xxx qhov chaw nyob tshaj tawm yog 172.16.255.255). Qhov chaw nyob no yog siv thaum pob ntawv yog lub ntsiab rau tag nrho cov cuab yeej ntawm ib lub network tshwj xeeb, thiab tsis tuaj yeem muab rau ib qho khoom siv twg.
- Cov naj npawb tseem nyob hauv thaj tsam yog Host Range (ex. 172.16.xxx.xxx tus tswv tsev ntau yog 172.16.0.1 txog 172.16.255.254). Nov yog cov lej koj tuaj yeem muab rau lub khoos phis tawj, tshuab luam ntawv, thiab lwm yam khoom siv.
- Chaw Nyob yog cov chaw nyob ntawm tus kheej no.
Kauj Ruam 3. Muab cov khoom siv rau hauv lub network
Lub network yog txhua pab pawg sib txuas sib cais los ntawm tus router. Koj lub network yuav tsis muaj routers yog tias nws tsis txuas nrog internet. Koj tsuas muaj ib tus router nruab nrab ntawm koj tus kheej lub network thiab pej xeem internet. Yog tias tsuas muaj ib tus router lossis tsis muaj routers txhua, koj li ntiag tug ntiag tug tag nrho suav tias yog ib lub network.
Yog tias siv routers ntxiv, lawv dhau los ua "routers sab hauv". Lub network ntiag tug dhau los ua "ntiag tug intranet". Txhua pab pawg sib txuas yog cais cov network xav tau nws tus kheej lub network chaw nyob thiab ntau yam. Qhov no suav nrog kev sib txuas ntawm routers, thiab kev sib txuas ncaj qha los ntawm router mus rau ib lub cuab yeej
Kauj Ruam 4. Xaiv lub network host range
Tus tswv tsev koj xaiv yuav tsum loj txaus los muab chaw nyob rau txhua lub cuab yeej. Class C tes hauj lwm (piv txwv li 192.168.0.x) tso cai rau 254 chaw nyob (192.168.0.1 txog 192.168.0.254), uas yog qhov zoo yog tias koj tsis muaj ntau dua 254 khoom siv. Tab sis yog tias koj muaj 255 lossis ntau dua cov cuab yeej, koj yuav xav tau siv Class B network (piv txwv. 172.16.x.x) lossis faib koj tus kheej lub network rau hauv cov network me nrog routers.
Kauj Ruam 5. Sau "192.168.2.x" hauv lub ces kaum ntawm koj daim duab
Yog tias koj muaj ntau dua ib lub network nws zoo tshaj los sau txhua qhov chaw nyob ze ntawm lub network nws nyob hauv koj lub network.
Kauj Ruam 6. Muab tus tswv chaw nyob rau txhua lub khoos phis tawj
Muab txhua lub khoos phis tawj tus lej nruab nrab ntawm 1 txog 254. Sau tus tswv chaw nyob ib sab ntawm cov khoom uas lawv koom nrog hauv daim duab. Thaum xub thawj koj yuav xav sau tag nrho qhov chaw nyob (piv txwv. 192.168.2.5) ib sab ntawm txhua lub cuab yeej. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum koj dhau los ua neeg paub zoo, yooj yim sau tus tswv tsev (piv txwv. 5) tuaj yeem pab txuag sijhawm
Cov hloov pauv yuav tsis xav tau chaw nyob rau lub hom phiaj sib tham ntawm no. Routers yuav xav tau chaw nyob raws li tau piav qhia hauv ntu "Cov Lus Tseem Ceeb"
Kauj Ruam 7. Sau cov subnet mask ze rau qhov chaw nyob network
Rau 192.168.2.x, uas yog Chav C, daim npog yog: 255.255.255.0 Lub khoos phis tawj xav tau nws los qhia qhov twg ntawm IP chaw nyob yog lub network thiab uas yog tus tswv.
Rau Chav Kawm A nyob ntawm qhov ncauj qhov ntswg yog 255.0.0.0, rau Chav B nws yog 255.255.0.0 (Cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntxiv hauv Tshooj Lus Tseem Ceeb.)
Kauj Ruam 8. Txuas koj lub network
Sau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv xav tau uas koj xav tau. Qhov no suav nrog cov kab hluav taws xob, khoos phis tawj, hloov Ethernet, thiab routers. Nrhiav Ethernet chaw nres nkoj ntawm cov khoos phis tawj thiab lwm yam khoom siv. Saib rau 8-pin modular connector. (RJ-45 style) Nws zoo li lub xov tooj txuas tus qauv tshwj tsis yog nws loj dua vim tias nws muaj cov neeg ua haujlwm ntau dua. Txuas cov xov tooj ntawm txhua lub cuab yeej, ib yam li hauv koj daim duab..
- Yog tias qhov xwm txheej tsis tau pom ua rau koj hloov pauv ntawm daim duab, sau tseg kom pom qhov hloov pauv
- Ntau lub khoos phis tawj, khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab txawm tias lub khw muag khoom muag muag cov routers me me uas tsim los tso cai rau ntau tus neeg siv los sib qhia ib zaug hauv internet. Yuav luag txhua qhov no siv PAT, txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov xav tau ntau dua ib tus IP pej xeem (ntxiv IPs rau pej xeem yuav kim, lossis tsis tso cai, nyob ntawm koj tus kws kho mob). Yog tias koj siv ib qho, koj yuav tsum tau muab ib qho ntawm koj tus kheej lub network Chaw Nyob mus rau lub router. Yog tias siv cov khoom lag luam nyuaj dua, koj yuav tsum tau muab tus tswv tsev ntiag tug chaw nyob rau lub interface txuas rau koj lub network ntiag tug, koj tus IP pej xeem mus rau kev sib txuas txuas rau Is Taws Nem, thiab teeb tsa NAT/PAT tus kheej.
- Yog tias siv tsuas yog ib tus router, lub interface siv txuas lub router rau koj lub network ntiag tug yuav dhau los ua "DNS Server Interface" thiab "Default Gateway". Koj yuav tsum tau ntxiv nws qhov chaw nyob rau cov haujlwm no thaum teeb tsa koj lwm yam khoom siv.
- Hloov cov nqi ntau dua, tab sis ntse dua. Lawv siv cov chaw nyob los txiav txim qhov twg yuav xa cov ntaub ntawv, tso cai ntau dua ib lub cuab yeej los tham ib zaug, thiab tsis txhob nkim qhov bandwidth ntawm lwm cov khoom siv sib txuas. Hubs yog qhov pheej yig dua thaum txuas tsuas yog ob peb lub cuab yeej, tab sis lawv tsis paub lub interface cuam tshuam rau qhov twg. Lawv yooj yim rov ua txhua yam tawm ntawm txhua qhov chaw nres nkoj, vam tias nws tau txais mus rau lub cuab yeej raug, thiab cia tus txais yuav txiav txim siab yog tias nws xav tau cov ntaub ntawv lossis tsis yog. Qhov no nkim ntau bandwidth, tsuas yog tso cai rau ib lub computer tham ib zaug, thiab ua rau lub network qeeb thaum ntau lub khoos phis tawj txuas nrog.
- Yog tias koj muaj lub firewall ntawm koj lub khoos phis tawj, tsis txhob hnov qab ntxiv IP chaw rau tag nrho koj cov khoos phis tawj sib txuas rau hauv koj lub firewall. Ua qhov no rau txhua tus ntawm koj lub khoos phis tawj network. Tsis ua li ntawd yuav tiv thaiv koj ntawm kev sib txuas lus, txawm tias koj tau ua tiav txhua lwm cov kauj ruam kom raug.
- Ntau lub cuab yeej tuaj yeem txiav txim siab yog tias koj tab tom siv kev hla hla lossis ncaj-hla txoj kab. Yog tias koj tsis muaj hmoo kom muaj kev paub pib qhov tsawg kawg ib ntawm cov cuab yeej txuas nrog los ntawm kab, koj yuav tsum siv hom raug ntawm lawv. Khoos phis tawj/router-rau-hloov yuav xav tau ncaj-dhau; khoos phis tawj/router-rau-computer/router hla kev. (Nco tseg: Cov chaw nres nkoj nyob tom qab ntawm qee lub routers hauv tsev tau koom nrog kev hloov pauv mus rau hauv lub router, thiab yuav tsum raug kho raws li kev hloov pauv)
Kauj Ruam 9. Kaw tag nrho cov khoos phis tawj txuas nrog lub network
Fais fab ntawm txhua lwm yam khoom siv sib txuas.
Kauj Ruam 10. Kho lub khoos phis tawj rau kev sib tham
Txhawm rau ua qhov no koj yuav tsum tau mus rau hauv internet xaiv ntawm txhua lub khoos phis tawj. Qhov no txawv nyob ntawm seb koj puas siv Windows Mac, lossis Linux. Mus rau ntawm lub npov uas koj tuaj yeem hloov pauv TCP/IP raws tu qauv. Hloov cov xov tooj cua los ntawm "Tau txais los ntawm DHCP server tau txais" mus rau "Siv IP chaw nyob hauv qab no:". Ntaus koj tus IP chaw nyob rau lub khoos phis tawj ntawd, thiab tsim nyog subnet daim npog (255.255.255.0). Yog tias koj tsis muaj routers, tawm ntawm "Default Gateway" thiab "DNS server" teb tsis muaj dab tsi. Yog tias txuas nrog internet siv NAT, siv Chaw Nyob raug xa mus rau router ntawm koj tus kheej network thiab internet zoo li DNS server thiab Default Gateway. Yog tias teeb tsa lub tsev sib txuas nrog lub router tshiab, ntu no tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej tsuav yog lub network txuas nrog raug, Tus router yuav teeb tsa lub network chaw nyob rau txhua yam hauv lub network mus rau hauv koj lub network, kom txog thaum nws mus rau lwm lub router.
- Yog tias koj lub network tau faib siv ib lossis ntau tus routers sab hauv, txhua lub router yuav xav tau chaw nyob rau txhua lub network txuas nrog nws. Qhov chaw nyob no yuav tsum yog tus tswv chaw nyob (ib yam li lub khoos phis tawj) los ntawm tus tswv tsev ntau ntawm lub network. Feem ntau, thawj qhov chaw nyob muaj tus tswv tsev (uas yog qhov thib ob chaw nyob hauv qhov chaw nyob ex. 192.168.1.1) yuav raug siv. Txawm li cas los xij qhov chaw nyob hauv tus tswv tsev ntau zoo yog tias koj paub tias nws yog dab tsi. Tsis txhob siv qhov chaw nyob network (piv txwv. 192.168.1.0), lossis chaw nyob tshaj tawm (ex 192.168.1.255).
- Rau cov network uas muaj ib lossis ntau tus neeg siv khoom siv (piv txwv li tshuab luam ntawv, khoos phis tawj, khoom siv cia), qhov chaw nyob uas lub router siv rau lub network ntawd yuav dhau los ua "Default Gateway" rau lwm yam khoom siv. DNS server, yog tam sim no, yuav tsum yog qhov chaw nyob siv los ntawm router ntawm koj cov tes hauj lwm thiab internet. Rau tes hauj lwm sib txuas routers, tsis tas yuav muaj lub qhov rooj nkag. Rau cov tes hauj lwm uas muaj ob tus neeg siv khoom siv thiab routers, ib qho router ntawm lub network ntawd yuav ua.
- Lub network yog lub network, tsis hais loj lossis me. Thaum ob lub routers txuas los ntawm ib txoj kab, txhua yam yuav yog lub cable. Qhov chaw nyob yuav yog.0, kev tshaj tawm yuav yog.255. Ob tus tswv yuav raug siv (ib qho rau txhua qhov kev sib txuas cable txuas), thiab lwm qhov 252 yuav yooj yim mus pov tseg vim tias lawv siv tsis tau rau lwm qhov. Feem ntau, cov routers hauv tsev me me tsis siv rau lub hom phiaj no. Thaum lawv nyob, nkag siab cov Ethernet cuam tshuam ntawm "ntiag tug network" sab feem ntau yog "hloov" uas tau tsim rau hauv lub router. Lub router nws tus kheej txuas rau qhov siv sab hauv ib leeg xwb interface. Thaum qhov no yog rooj plaub, tsuas yog ib tus tswv IP yuav siv los ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv, thiab lawv txhua tus yuav nyob hauv tib lub network.
- Thaum lub router muaj ntau qhov cuam tshuam nrog ntau tus IP's, txhua lub interface thiab IP yuav tsim ib lub network sib txawv.
Kauj Ruam 11. Txheeb xyuas qhov sib txuas
Txoj kev yooj yim tshaj plaws los ua qhov no yog nrog Ping. Nqa MS -DOS lossis qhov sib npaug ntawm lwm lub OS, (Hauv Windows qhib qhov hais kom sai uas nyob hauv Start Menu - Accessories - Command Prompt) thiab ntaus hauv: ping 192.168.2. [Insert host number here]. Ua qhov no ntawm ib tus tswv tsev thiab ping rau txhua tus tswv tsev. Nco ntsoov, koj lub router raug suav tias yog tus tswv tsev. Yog tias koj tsis tuaj yeem mus txog ib qho, nyeem dua cov kauj ruam ntxiv lossis hu rau tus kws tshaj lij.
Lus ceeb toom
- Tsis txhob siv tus IP ntau 127.0.0.0 txog 127.255.255.255. Cov kab no tau tshwj tseg rau kev ua haujlwm rov qab, uas yog, rov qab mus rau koj lub localhost (lub khoos phis tawj koj nyob tam sim no).
- Txawm hais tias cov cuab yeej uas tsis cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem pej xeem, "hauv kev xav", tsis tas yuav ua raws txoj cai no, hauv kev coj ua DNS kev pabcuam, thiab lwm yam software tuaj yeem ua rau tsis meej pem los ntawm kev siv cov chaw nyob sab nraum cov kab no yog tias tsis tau teeb tsa tshwj xeeb.
- IANA (Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Nyab Xeeb Hauv Is Taws Nem) tau tseg peb qhov txuas hauv qab no ntawm IP chaw nyob rau cov chaw ntiag tug: 10.0.0.0 txog 10.255.255.255, 172.16.0.0 txog 172.31.255.255, thiab 192.168.0.0 txog 192.168.255.255
- Cov kws tshaj lij kev sib tham yeej tsis hloov pauv ntawm txoj cai no yog tias tus IP ntiag tug cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov cuab yeej sab nraud lawv tus kheej tes hauj lwm, thiab tsis tshua muaj ua nyob rau hauv kev sib cais sab hauv-nets yam tsis muaj laj thawj tshwj xeeb. Cov chaw muab kev pabcuam muaj lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv Is Taws Nem los ntawm IP tsis sib haum los ntawm kev tsis kam muab kev pabcuam, yuav tsum muaj tus IP tus kheej nyob sab nraud cov kab no cuam tshuam rau pej xeem txoj haujlwm.
- Teeb meem kuj tseem yuav tshwm sim yog software, khoos phis tawj, lossis tib neeg qhov teeb meem ua rau tus IP tus kheej sab nraud qhov no tau siv rau hauv internet pej xeem. Qhov no tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm ib yam dab tsi los ntawm kev ua tsis tiav ntawm lub router kom pib ua kom raug rau kev sib txuas ib qho ntawm koj cov cuab yeej ncaj qha rau Is Taws Nem tom qab lub sijhawm.
- Raws li teeb meem kev nyab xeeb ib yam nkaus, tsis txhob hloov pauv ntawm qhov chaw nyob ntiag tug uas tau muab. Qhov ntxiv ntawm Network Chaw Txhais Lus rau lub network ntiag tug muab cov chaw nyob ntiag tug yog qib qis ntawm txoj kev ruaj ntseg thiab tau raug xa mus ua "Tus Neeg Tsis Txaus Siab's Firewall."
- Tsis txhob txuas cov chaw hauv txhua txoj hauv kev uas tsim cov loops lossis cov nplhaib, nws yuav ua rau pob ntawv rov ua dua nyob ib ncig ntawm lub nplhaib ib si. Cov pob ntawv ntxiv yuav raug ntxiv, kom txog thaum lub hub puv thiab tsis tuaj yeem hla kev mus los. Qhov kev coj ua zoo tshaj plaws yog tsis txuas cov hloov pauv li no ib yam. Yog tias txuas cov hloov pauv txoj hauv kev no, xyuas kom meej qhov hloov pauv "Spanning Tree Protocol" thiab tias tus yam ntxwv ua haujlwm. Txwv tsis pub pob ntawv yuav rov hais dua ad infinitum ib yam li nrog hubs.
