Debian sib yog qhov kev txhim kho tsis ruaj khov ruaj khov ntawm Debian. Nws yog qhov uas cov khoos phis tawm tshiab kawg tau txiav txim siab rau suav nrog hauv Debian tso tawm tau tso tawm thiab sim. Vim tias nws tsis muaj kev tshaj tawm xov xwm nruab, thiab ob peb lub netboot cov duab uas tau tsim ua feem ntau tsis ua haujlwm, txawm tias cov neeg uas txaus siab yuav pheej hmoo siv qhov kev txhim kho yuav muaj teeb meem txhim kho nws.
Cov kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 3: Hloov kho los ntawm Debian Stable
Kauj Ruam 1. Rub tawm thiab teeb tsa qhov ruaj khov ntawm Debian, yog tias koj tsis tau ua li ntawd
Kauj Ruam 2. Qhib lub qhov rai qhib lossis TTY console
Vim tias qhov no yog kev hloov kho loj, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob sim qhov no nrog SSH tshwj tsis yog tias koj muaj lub cev nkag mus rau lub khoos phis tawj lossis lwm txoj hauv kev kom tau txais plhaub nkag.
Kauj Ruam 3. Tsiv/thaub qab koj cov npe khoom siv tam sim no
Siv cov lus txib hauv qab no:
| sudo mv /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.old |
| sudo mv /etc/apt/sources.list.d /etc/apt/sources.list.d.old |
| sudo mkdir /etc/apt/sources.list.d |
Kauj Ruam 4. Tsim cov npe tshiab
Khiav qhov hais kom ua sudo paub tab-editor /etc/apt/sources.list thiab ntxiv cov hauv qab no:
| deb https://deb.debian.org/debian sid lub ntsiab tsis pub dawb |
| deb-src https://deb.debian.org/debian sid lub ntsiab tsis pub dawb |
Kauj Ruam 5. Khiav sudo apt hloov tshiab thiab sudo apt dist-upgrade
apt yuav sim rub tawm cov ntawv tshiab ntawm ib qho program twg koj tau teeb tsa. Koj yuav zoo li yuav ntsib teeb meem kev vam khom lossis cov pob tawg, thiab koj yuav xav tau kho cov no manually. Qee zaum, khiav sudo apt hloov tshiab-kho-ploj thiab sudo apt nruab -f thiab ces sudo apt dist-upgrade dua yuav txaus; lwm lub sijhawm koj yuav tau tshem pob nrog dpkg -r txhawm rau txhim kho kev txhim kho.
Kauj ruam 6. Reboot koj lub computer
Qhov no yuav thauj cov ntsiav tshiab kawg.
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 3: Siv cov duab huab
Kauj Ruam 1. Rub tawm thiab teeb tsa balenaEtcher
Nws yog pub dawb, hla-lub cuab yeej rau kev nyab xeeb sau cov duab disk rau USB Flash drive.
Kauj Ruam 2. Rub tawm thiab teeb tsa 7-Zip, yog tias koj siv Windows
Nws yog ib qho cuab yeej pub dawb rau kev tsim thiab rho tawm cov ntaub ntawv uas raug kaw.
Kauj Ruam 3. Mus rau
Nkag mus rau hauv qab ntawm nplooj ntawv, thiab nyem rau hauv qab-feem ntau txuas. Nws yuav tsum nyob ze zoo nkauj rau hnub no, thiab saib qee yam zoo li 20210909-XXX
Kauj Ruam 4. Rub daim duab "nocloud" rau AMD64
Nws yuav tsum muaj npe ib yam li debian-sid-nocloud-amd64-niaj hnub-20210909-XXX.tar.xz
Kauj Ruam 5. Uncompress thiab rho tawm cov ntawv
Koj yuav tsum xaus nrog cov ntaub ntawv npe daim disk.raw. Linux thiab macOS cov neeg siv tuaj yeem tshem qhov no hauv lub plhaub siv qhov hais kom ua tar xwv. Cov neeg siv Windows, tom qab kev txhim kho 7-Zip, tuaj yeem tshem nws los ntawm txoj cai-txhaj cov ntawv, thiab xaiv 7-Zip> Qhib archive, ob npaug nias rau.tar cov ntaub ntawv hauv lub qhov rais, thiab tom qab ntawd nyem rau "Extract khawm".
Kauj Ruam 6. Txuas koj lub Flash drive, thiab tom qab ntawd pib balenaEtcher
Nyem Nyem los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, thiab xaiv daim disk.raw duab.
Kauj Ruam 7. Nyem "Xaiv lub hom phiaj"
Xaiv koj lub flash drive, thiab tom qab ntawd nyem "Xaiv."
Kauj Ruam 8. Nyem "Flash
balenaEtcher yuav pib sau cov duab rau koj lub flash drive. Koj yuav pom cov lus ceeb toom tias lub zog yuav tsum tau muab tso rau.
Kauj Ruam 9. Rov qab qhib koj lub computer, nrog koj lub Flash drive ntsaws
Koj yuav tsum tau qhia koj lub khoos phis tawj kom khau raj los ntawm nws, los ntawm nias tus yuam sij tshwj xeeb, lossis hloov qhov kev txiav txim khau raj hauv koj li BIOS. Tom qab Debian ua tiav booting, nkag mus. Lub npe siv tsis raug yog hauv paus; tsis muaj tus password.
Kauj Ruam 10. (Xaiv tau) Tsim cov ntaub ntawv sib pauv
Cov duab huab tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv sib pauv lossis muab faib. Ntxiv ib qho yog lub tswv yim zoo yog tias koj lub khoos phis tawj tsis muaj RAM ntau, vim nws yuav tiv thaiv Debian los ntawm kev sib tsoo hauv qhov hnyav. Yog tias nws tau siv, nws yuav txo qis kev ua neej ntawm koj Flash drive, txawm li cas los xij. Siv cov lus txib hauv qab no (raws li hauv paus, lossis nrog sudo):
| fallocate -l 512M /swapfile |
| chmod 600 /swapfile cov |
| mkswap /hloov chaw |
| swapon /hloov pauv |
| sh -c 'echo /swapfile tsis muaj swap sw 0 0 >> /etc /fstab' |
Ceev faj thaum nkag mus rau lo lus txib kawg. Yog tias koj nkag mus tsis raug, koj tuaj yeem sau dua koj cov ntaub ntawv fstab. Yog tias koj tsis paub meej, kho nws nrog nano xwb.
Txoj kev 3 ntawm 3: grml-debootstrap
Kauj Ruam 1. Rub tawm qhov Live tam sim no ntawm Debian, Ubuntu, lossis feem ntau cov txiaj ntsig
Kauj Ruam 2. Sau daim duab rau CD, DVD, lossis Flash drive
Koj tuaj yeem siv balenaEtcher (hais ua ntej) los sau nws rau Flash drive. Cov neeg siv Windows tuaj yeem hlawv cov duab ISO rau CD/DVD los ntawm txoj cai-nias ntawm ISO duab thiab xaiv Hlawv duab duab.
Kauj Ruam 3. Kaw lub computer los ntawm CD/DVD/Flash drive
Koj yuav xav tau nias tus yuam sij tshwj xeeb lossis hloov qhov kev txiav txim khau raj hauv UEFI/BIOS teeb tsa los siv lub cuab yeej sib txawv.
Kauj Ruam 4. Qhib lub qhov rai qhib
Koj tuaj yeem ua qhov no hauv feem ntau ntawm lub desktop los ntawm nias Alt+F2 thiab nkag mus x-davhlau ya nyob twg-emulator.
Kauj Ruam 5. Txheeb xyuas tias koj muaj qhov tsim nyog cov chaw khaws khoom tau qhib
Txog kev faib khoom raws ncaj qha rau Debian, yuav tsum muaj pab hauv txhua kab (tsis suav nrog CD). Rau Ubuntu-raws li kev faib tawm, yuav tsum muaj ntug hauv txhua kab. Koj tuaj yeem kho cov ntawv no los ntawm kev nkag mus sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list. Thaum koj tau hloov pauv, nias Ctrl+O kom txuag, thiab tom qab ntawd Ctrl+X kom tawm mus.
Kauj Ruam 6. Nruab GParted thiab grml-debootstrap
Sau cov lus txib hauv qab no:
| sudo apt hloov tshiab |
| sudo apt nruab gparted grml-debootstrap |
Kauj Ruam 7. Tua GParted
Nkag mus sudo gparted mus rau hauv koj lub davhlau ya nyob twg.
Kauj Ruam 8. Xaiv koj lub hard drive los ntawm cov ntawv qhia zaub mov hauv kaum sab xis saum toj kawg nkaus
Yog tias koj khau raj los ntawm CD/DVD thiab koj tsuas muaj ib lub hard drive, yuav tsum muaj ib qho nkaus xwb. Yog tias koj khau raj los ntawm Flash drive, nws yuav raug teev tseg ib yam.
Kauj ruam 9. Tsim kom muaj ib lub rooj muab faib
Nyem rau Ntaus ntawv menu, thiab xaiv Tsim cov lus faib
- Yog tias koj siv lub khoos phis tawj nrog UEFI, xaiv gpt ua raws li cov lus faib hom
- Yog tias koj siv lub khoos phis tawj nrog BIOS qub txeeg qub teg, lossis xav tau khau raj hauv hom qub ntawm lub khoos phis tawj niaj hnub no, xaiv msdos ua raws li cov lus faib hom.
Kauj Ruam 10. Muab faib lub hard drive (rau UEFI khoos phis tawj)
Koj yuav tau tsim tsawg kawg peb ntu. Rau txhua qhov ntawm no, mus rau Cov faib zaub mov, thiab xaiv Tshiab. Kho qhov loj thiab hom raws li hauv qab no:
- FAT32 muab faib thaum pib ntawm kev tsav. 100 MB txaus.
- Ib "linux-swap" muab faib thib ob. Tsawg kawg 512 MB yog lub tswv yim zoo, tab sis koj yuav xav tau ntau ntxiv.
- Kev faib tawm ext4 rau qhov seem ntawm tus tsav. Koj tuaj yeem tsim qhov faib ntxiv, tab sis koj yuav tsum teeb tsa lawv tus kheej txhawm rau Debian siv lawv.
Thaum koj tau ua tiav kev tsim cov txheej txheem muab faib, nyem rau ntawm lub npov.
Kauj Ruam 11. Hloov cov chij ntawm FAT32 muab faib (rau UEFI khoos phis tawj)
Right-click FAT32 muab faib thiab xaiv Tswj chij. Kos lub thawv cim esp, ces nyem Kaw.
Kauj Ruam 12. Muab faib lub hard drive (rau cov khoos phis tawj qub BIOS)
Koj yuav tsum tsim tsawg kawg yog ob ntu. Rau txhua qhov ntawm no, mus rau Cov faib zaub mov, thiab xaiv Tshiab. Kho qhov loj thiab hom raws li hauv qab no:
- Ib qho "linux-swap" muab faib ua ntej. Tsawg kawg 512 MB yog lub tswv yim zoo, tab sis koj yuav xav tau ntau ntxiv.
- Kev faib tawm ext4 rau qhov seem ntawm tus tsav. Koj tuaj yeem tsim qhov faib ntxiv, tab sis koj yuav tsum teeb tsa lawv tus kheej txhawm rau Debian siv lawv.
Thaum koj tau ua tiav kev tsim cov txheej txheem muab faib, nyem rau ntawm lub npov.
Kauj Ruam 13. Sau cov ntaub ntawv muab faib
Koj yuav tsum paub qhov twg txhua hom kev faib faib yog, yog li koj tuaj yeem txhim kho nws tom qab. Piv txwv li:
| /dev/sdX1 | taus 32 |
| /dev/sdX2 | sib pauv |
| /dev/sdX3 | ext4 ua |
Thaum koj tau sau txhua yam tseg, kaw GParted.
Kauj Ruam 14. Kho cov npe ntawm cov pob khoom uas yuav raug teeb tsa
Nkag mus sudo nano /etc /debootstrap hauv koj lub davhlau ya nyob twg thiab ntxiv network-tus thawj coj mus rau hauv qab. Koj tuaj yeem ntxiv lwm pob ntawv ntawm no yog tias koj paub lub npe. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj xav tau Xfce desktop, ntxiv xfcej 4, lightdm, lightdm-gtk-greeter, thiab xserver-xorg.
Kauj Ruam 15. Khiav grml-deboostrap
Hauv koj lub davhlau ya nyob twg, nkag mus sudo grml -debootsrap -r sid -t /dev /sdX# --efi /dev /sdX# --grub /dev /sdX --hostname --contrib -tsis pub dawb
- - t /dev /sdX# yuav tsum taw tes rau qhov muab faib ext4.
- -- efi /dev /sdX# yuav tsum taw tes rau FAT32 muab faib
- -- grub /dev /sdX yuav tsum yog tus tsav, tsis muaj tus lej tom qab nws.
- yuav tsum yog yam koj xav tau lub npe computer.
Yog tias koj tab tom txhim kho lub khoos phis tawj nrog BIOS qub txeeg qub teg, koj tuaj yeem tso tseg -- efi /dev /sdX# qhov ntsuas Nkag mus y los yog yog thaum ceeb toom txog kev teeb tsa thiab rho tawm cov ntaub ntawv.
Kauj Ruam 16. Nkag mus rau lo lus zais hauv paus thaum hais kom ua
grml-debootstrap yuav ua ob peb kauj ruam ntxiv, thiab tom qab ntawv tshaj tawm tias nws ua tiav.
Kauj ruam 17. Reboot koj lub computer
Nco ntsoov tshem koj daim CD/DVD/Flash drive lossis hloov qhov kev txiav txim khau raj hauv koj li BIOS, kom lub hard drive raug thauj khoom. Koj yuav tsum pom GRUB khau raj ntawv qhia tshwm, thiab kev xaiv rau khau raj Debian.
Lub tswv yim
- Yog tias koj nyuam qhuav teeb tsa Debian ruaj khov, /etc/apt/sources.list.d zoo li tsis muaj dab tsi, thiab koj tsis tas yuav thaub qab lossis txav nws. Koj tseem yuav tau txav lossis hloov kho /etc/apt/sources.list.
- Pib nrog kev teeb tsa me me ruaj khov, hloov pauv ntawm lub desktop tag nrho, yuav txo lub sijhawm nws siv los hloov kho thiab txo cov pob tawg. Koj tuaj yeem nruab lawv tom qab.
- tsis pub dawb hais txog qhov tsis muaj peev txheej lossis txoj cai los hloov kho cov haujlwm (kev ywj pheej), tsis yog tus nqi nyiaj txiag.
- Kev txhim kho los ntawm Debian ruaj khov yog tib txoj hauv kev kom tau txais kev pom zoo los ntawm Debian. Nws kuj tseem muab kev tswj hwm tshaj plaws rau koj kev teeb tsa kev faib khoom.
- Nws yog advisable heev tias koj teeb tus password rau lub hauv paus tus lej, lossis zoo dua tsis tau, tsim tus lej siv rau ib tus neeg, ua haujlwm tsis raug tus account hauv paus, thiab siv sudo hais kom ua.
- Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov duab "nocloud" thiab lwm qhov yog tias lawv muaj qhov program hu ua "cloud-init" teeb tsa. Qhov no rub tawm SSH cov yuam sij los ntawm lwm lub server, thiab tsis muaj tus ID nkag mus tsis raug. Koj yuav tsis tuaj yeem siv lawv tshwj tsis yog koj hloov kho duab, khau raj Debian hauv hom rov ua haujlwm, lossis teeb tsa koj tus kheej huab-pib server.
- Cov duab huab yuav cia li nthuav dav ntxiv rau qhov seem ntawm koj lub flash drive thaum koj khau raj nws; koj tsis tas yuav hloov nws tus kheej.
- Yog tias koj tsuas xav teeb tsa Debian sid hauv tus emulator lossis tshuab virtual, lub *.qw2 cov ntaub ntawv yuav yog qhov kev xaiv zoo dua li cov duab disk nyoos hauv *.tar.xz cov ntaub ntawv
- Qee qhov kev faib tawm nyob, zoo li Ubuntu, tej zaum twb muaj GParted teeb tsa.
- Nws yog qhov ib txwm rau lub npe tso tawm kom pom zoo li /sib thaum qhov kev xeem tso tawm tseem nyob rau theem pib ntawm kev txhim kho.
