Qhov wikiHow no qhia koj qhov twg los nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm Unix operating systems nrov. Qhov chaw nkag tsis raug ntawm txhua lub khoos phis tawj ntawm Linux, ntxiv rau FreeBSD, yog /var /cav, tab sis cov npe cav tseeb sib txawv los ntawm cov kab ke. Yog tias koj siv Solaris, koj lub cav nyob hauv /var /adm. Feem ntau cov cav yog cov ntaub ntawv tiaj tus koj tuaj yeem pom nrog miv, ntau dua, tus Tsov tus tw, lossis los ntawm qhib hauv cov ntawv sau-txawm li cas los xij, cov cav zoo li dmesg (uas muaj cov ntaub ntawv xov tooj tsis zoo) thiab lub xeem (uas qhia cov neeg siv nkag mus nkag) tau saib los ntawm kev khiav cov lus txib tshwj xeeb
Cov kauj ruam
Txoj Kev 1 ntawm 2: Nrhiav Koj Lub Npe
Kauj Ruam 1. Nias Ctrl+Alt+T
Qhov no qhib lub plhaub kom sai.
Kauj Ruam 2. Ntaus cd /var /cav thiab nias ↵ Enter
Qhov no coj koj mus rau /var /cav, qhov chaw ntawm koj li Linux cov ntaub ntawv teev cia.
Yog tias koj siv Solaris, koj cov cav nyob hauv /var /adm
Kauj Ruam 3. Ntaus ls -a thiab nias ↵ Enter
Qhov no qhia cov npe ntawm txhua cov ntaub ntawv hauv phau ntawv teev npe.
Kauj Ruam 4. Kawm paub ntau yam cav
Cov ntaub ntawv koj yuav pom nyob ntawm tus lej ntawm cov xwm txheej, suav nrog cov version ntawm Linux koj tab tom khiav thiab software thiab cov kev pabcuam koj siv. Nov yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv teev npe feem ntau (yog tias koj siv Solaris, tsuas yog hloov /var /cav nrog /var /adm):
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/var/log/auth.log:
Kev txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb (ob qho kev ua tiav thiab ua tsis tau zoo) ntawm Debian/Ubuntu Linux thiab FreeBSD.
Cov neeg siv Solaris yuav siv/var/adm/authlog
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/var/log/boot.log:
Pib cov lus thiab khau raj ntaub ntawv.
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/var/log/cron:
Txhua cov lus cuam tshuam txog cron rau feem ntau Unix version.
Yog tias koj siv Solaris, koj lub cav cron nyob ntawm/var/cron/cav
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/var/log/daemon.log:
Khiav cov kev pabcuam tom qab.
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/var/log/dmesg:
Cov lus tsav tsheb. Nov yog cov ntaub ntawv binary, tsis yog cov ntawv xa ntawv-los saib cov cav no koj yuav tsum tau siv dmesg hais kom ua.
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/var/log/faillog:
Nkag mus tsis tau tsuas yog.
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/var/log/httpd lossis/var/log/apache2:
Apache web server cav.
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/var/log/maillog lossis var/log/mail.log:
Cov ntaub ntawv xa neeg rau zaub mov.
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/var/log/lastlog:
Qhia txhua tus neeg siv tus lej kawg. Nov yog cov ntaub ntawv binary, tsis yog cov ntawv xa ntawv-los saib cov cav no koj yuav tsum tau siv lo lus kawg.
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/var/log/lus:
Cov kab lus dav dav rau Solaris thiab FreeBSD, nrog rau Linux versions Fedora, RedHat, thiab CentOS:
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/var/log/ruaj ntseg:
Kev txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb (ua tiav thiab ua tsis tau zoo) rau RedHat/CentOS.
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/var/log/syslog:
Cov kab lus dav dav rau Ubuntu Linux, Linux Mint, thiab Debian Linux-based systems. Yog tias koj siv Solaris, qhov no yog qhov uas koj yuav pom cov lus hais txog kev xa ntawv.
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/var/log/utmp:
Cov xeev tam sim no nkag mus rau txhua tus neeg siv.
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/var/log/wtmp:
Tus neeg siv nkag mus thiab tawm sijhawm.
Txoj Kev 2 ntawm 2: Saib Koj Cov Ntaub Ntawv
Kauj Ruam 1. Siv tus miv hais kom saib tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub cav
Tsuav yog lub cav yog cov ntaub ntawv tiaj tus, koj tuaj yeem khiav miv lub npe kom pom tag nrho cov cav.
Yog tias koj tseem tsis tau nkag hauv paus, siv sudo ua ntej txhua lo lus txib
Kauj Ruam 2. Siv ntau dua los saib lub cav cov ntsiab lus screen-by-screen
Txij li ntau ntawm cov cav no tuaj yeem loj tuaj, miv tuaj yeem ntxhov siab siv. Yog tias koj xav pom lub log screen-by-screen, sim ntau lub npe hloov chaw yog li koj tuaj yeem nplooj ntawv hla lub cav tshuaj ntsuam-los-tshuaj ntsuam.
- Siv cov Nkag mus qhov tseem ceeb kom nqes ib kab zuj zus, lossis Spacebar kom scroll ib qho screen ntawm ib lub sijhawm.
- Txhawm rau rov qab, nyem b. Txhawm rau rov qab mus rau qhov hais kom sai, nyem q.; ua.
Kauj Ruam 3. Siv tus Tsov tus tw -f los saib lub cav hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag
Qhov no qhia txog kev ua neej nyob ntawm lub cav uas hloov kho tas li raws li cov khoom tshiab sau rau nws. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj muaj teeb meem nrog Apache, nws yuav pab tau kom khiav tus tw -f/var/log/httpd thiab tso nws qhib hauv lub qhov rai davhlau ya nyob twg thaum koj daws teeb meem.
- Yog tias koj tsuas yog xav pom qhov kawg ntawm lub cav tab sis tsis quav ntsej seb nws hloov kho lub sijhawm tiag, khiav tus tw -20/var/log/httpd kom pom nws 20 kab kawg. Koj tuaj yeem hloov "20" nrog cov lej ntawm kab hauv qab uas koj xav pom.
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Koj tseem tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas qhov koj pom nrog tus tw (lossis zoo nkauj npaum li lwm cov lus txib) los ntawm kev xa nws mus rau grep. Piv txwv li, tail -f /var/log/auth.log | grep 'Tus neeg siv tsis raug' yuav tso tawm txhua qhov tsis raug
"Piping out" cov lus txib txhais tau hais tias xa cov ntawv xa mus rau lwm qhov lus txib. Yeej, nws tso cai rau koj siv ob lossis ntau cov lus txib ib zaug
Kauj Ruam 4. Siv vi qhib lub cav
Koj tuaj yeem siv cov ntawv sau, xws li vi lossis vim qhib ntau lub cav rau saib. Txhawm rau ua li ntawd, tsuas yog siv vi /var/log/auth.log (lossis lub npe cav xav tau). Tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem taug kev dawb los ntawm lub cav raws li xav tau, ntxiv rau siv tus kws kho cov cuab yeej tshawb nrhiav. Hauv vi thiab vim, koj tuaj yeem tshawb nrhiav cov hlua ntawm cov ntawv siv cov lus sib dhos rau pem hauv ntej hauv hom lus txib.
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Piv txwv li, ntaus /smtp thiab nias Nkag mus yuav pom qhov piv txwv tom ntej ntawm "smtp" hauv cov ntawv. Xovxwm
txav mus rau qhov piv txwv tom ntej ntawm txoj hlua tshawb nrhiav, lossis N (uppercase) kom rov qab mus rau yav dhau los.
Kauj Ruam 5. Siv dmesg los saib cov lus los ntawm cov ntsiav
Thaum koj xav saib/var/log/dmesg, koj yuav tsum tau siv cov lus txib no.
- Txhawm rau txav los ntawm lub vijtsam nkag los ntawm lub vijtsam, khiav dmesg | ntau dua.
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Siv dmesg nrog grep los tshawb nrhiav cov npe tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li, txhawm rau saib cov ntawv nkag hauv hard disk nkaus xwb, khiav dmesg | grep -i sdab.
i qhia grep kom tsis quav ntsej rooj plaub
- Txhawm rau pom tsuas yog thawj 10 kab ntawm cav, khiav dmesg | taub -10. Hloov "10" nrog cov kab ntawm sab saud ntawm cov ntawv koj xav pom. Ua tib yam nrog qhov kawg ntawm cov ntawv, khiav dmesg | qab -10.
Kauj Ruam 6. Siv lastlog txhawm rau saib cov hnub nkag mus zaum kawg rau txhua tus neeg siv
/var/log/lastlog, zoo li/var/log/dmesg, yog cov ntaub ntawv binary uas xav tau kev siv cov lus txib rau saib. Koj tuaj yeem tsuas yog ntaus lub xeem thiab nias Nkag mus kom pom lub cav, lossis xa nws tawm (| = yeeb nkab) kom yooj yim saib-piv txwv li, lastlog | ntau qhov cia koj nyeem lub cav tshuaj ntsuam-los-tshuaj ntsuam, thiab lastlog | grep hauv paus yuav tsuas tso saib cov ntaub ntawv nkag mus hauv paus.
